新烟碱类农药暴露对人类健康的影响：一项系统评价
Effects of Neonicotinoid Pesticide Exposure on Human Health: A Systematic Review.
作者信息
Cimino Andria M, Boyles Abee L, Thayer Kristina A, Perry Melissa J
机构信息
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Feb;125(2):155-162. doi: 10.1289/EHP515. Epub 2016 Jul 6.
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have identified detectable levels of neonicotinoids (neonics) in the environment, adverse effects of neonics in many species, including mammals, and pathways through which human exposure to neonics could occur, yet little is known about the human health effects of neonic exposure.
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review, we sought to identify human population studies on the health effects of neonics.
METHODS
Studies published in English between 2005 and 2015 were searched using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. No restrictions were placed on the type of health outcome assessed. Risk of bias was assessed using guidance developed by the National Toxicology Program's Office of Health Assessment and Translation.
RESULTS
Eight studies investigating the human health effects of exposure to neonics were identified. Four examined acute exposure: Three neonic poisoning studies reported two fatalities (n = 1,280 cases) and an occupational exposure study of 19 forestry workers reported no adverse effects. Four general population studies reported associations between chronic neonic exposure and adverse developmental or neurological outcomes, including tetralogy of Fallot (AOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 5.4), anencephaly (AOR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 8.2), autism spectrum disorder [AOR 1.3, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.78, 2.2], and a symptom cluster including memory loss and finger tremor (OR 14, 95% CI: 3.5, 57). Reported odds ratios were based on exposed compared to unexposed groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The studies conducted to date were limited in number with suggestive but methodologically weak findings related to chronic exposure. Given the wide-scale use of neonics, more studies are needed to fully understand their effects on human health. Citation: Cimino AM, Boyles AL, Thayer KA, Perry MJ. 2017. Effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on human health: a systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 125:155-162; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP515.
背景
众多研究已确定环境中可检测到的新烟碱类农药（新烟碱）水平、新烟碱对包括哺乳动物在内的许多物种的不利影响以及人类接触新烟碱的可能途径，但对于接触新烟碱对人类健康的影响却知之甚少。
目的
在本系统评价中，我们试图确定有关新烟碱对健康影响的人群研究。
方法
使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库检索2005年至2015年间以英文发表的研究。对所评估的健康结局类型未作限制。使用美国国家毒理学计划健康评估与转化办公室制定的指南评估偏倚风险。
结果
共识别出八项研究人类接触新烟碱对健康影响的研究。四项研究考察急性接触：三项新烟碱中毒研究报告了两例死亡（n = 1280例），一项对19名林业工人的职业接触研究报告无不利影响。四项一般人群研究报告了慢性接触新烟碱与不良发育或神经学结局之间的关联，包括法洛四联症（比值比2.4，95%可信区间：1.1，5.4）、无脑儿（比值比2.9，95%可信区间：1.0，8.2）、自闭症谱系障碍[比值比1.3，95%可信区间（CrI）：0.78，2.2]以及包括记忆力减退和手指震颤的症状群（比值比14，95%可信区间：3.5，57）。报告的比值比基于暴露组与未暴露组的比较。
结论
迄今为止进行的研究数量有限，关于慢性接触的研究结果具有提示性，但方法学上存在缺陷。鉴于新烟碱的广泛使用，需要更多研究来全面了解其对人类健康的影响。引文：Cimino AM，Boyles AL，Thayer KA，Perry MJ。2017年。新烟碱类农药接触对人类健康的影响：系统评价。《环境健康展望》125：155 - 162；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP515 。
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