a Department of Psychology , University of Dundee , Dundee , DD1 4HN , Scotland.
Nutr Neurosci. 2000;3(5):321-9. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2000.11747329.
Young children respond to energy dilution achieved using fat or sugar substitutes by compensating for reduced energy within a single meal. The ability to respond to energy dilution in the short term may diminish with age, since adults do not reliably demonstrate accurate caloric compensation in the short term. Two experiments were conducted to examine caloric compensation across age groups. In Experiment 1,15 young children (2-5 years) and 10 older children (7-10 years) received regular (100 g: 73 kcal) and low-calorie (100 g: 6 kcal) raspberry gelatin dessert as a mid-morning snack on two test days separated by at least 2 weeks. Young children demonstrated caloric compensation by consuming more following the low-calorie snack (571.3 ± 48.8 kcal) than after the regular snack (487.7 ± 31.5 kcal). Older children failed to adjust intake in response to the difference in energy. In Experiment 2, a similar procedure was used but young children (n = 19) received 150 g of raspberry gelatin dessert (9 kcal vs. 109 kcal) and older children (n = 12) received 225 g of gelatin dessert (13 kcal vs. 164 kcal). The compensation index (COMPX) indicated that young children (88.1 ± 22.4%) compensated better than older children (21.5 ± 21.9%). Short-term caloric compensation may diminish with age, possibly reflecting a transition from using unlearned internal cues to a more adult pattern of eating influenced by external cues and learning.
幼儿通过在单一餐中补偿减少的能量来应对通过脂肪或糖替代品实现的能量稀释。短期应对能量稀释的能力可能会随着年龄的增长而降低，因为成年人在短期内不会可靠地表现出准确的热量补偿。进行了两项实验来研究不同年龄组的热量补偿。在实验 1 中，15 名幼儿（2-5 岁）和 10 名大龄儿童（7-10 岁）在两个测试日接受了常规（100 克：73 卡路里）和低热量（100 克：6 卡路里）覆盆子明胶甜点作为上午的零食，两次测试日之间至少间隔 2 周。幼儿在低热量零食后（571.3 ± 48.8 卡路里）比常规零食后（487.7 ± 31.5 卡路里）消耗更多的卡路里来补偿热量。大龄儿童未能根据能量差异调整摄入量。在实验 2 中，使用了类似的程序，但幼儿（n = 19）接受了 150 克覆盆子明胶甜点（9 卡路里与 109 卡路里），而大龄儿童（n = 12）接受了 225 克明胶甜点（13 卡路里与 164 卡路里）。补偿指数（COMPX）表明，幼儿（88.1 ± 22.4%）的补偿效果好于大龄儿童（21.5 ± 21.9%）。短期热量补偿可能会随着年龄的增长而降低，这可能反映了从使用未习得的内部线索过渡到受外部线索和学习影响的更成人化的进食模式。
