Center on Aging Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2016 Nov;31:67-79. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.003. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
Both cognitive intervention and physical exercise benefit cognitive function in older adults. It has been suggested that combined cognitive and physical intervention may induce larger effects than cognitive or physical intervention alone, but existing literature has shown mixed results. This meta-analysis aimed at assessing the efficacy of combined intervention on cognition by comparing combined intervention to control group, cognitive intervention and physical exercise. Eligible studies were controlled trials examining the effects of combined intervention on cognition in older adults without known cognitive impairment. Twenty interventional studies comprising 2667 participants were included. Results showed that the overall effect size for combined intervention versus control group was 0.29 (random effects model, p=0.001). Compared to physical exercise, combined intervention produced greater effects on overall effect size (0.22, p<0.01), while no significant difference was found between combined intervention and cognitive intervention. Effects of combined intervention were moderated by age of participants, intervention frequency and setting. The findings suggest that combined intervention demonstrates advantages over control group and physical exercise, while evidence is still lacking for superiority when compared combined intervention to cognitive intervention. More well-designed studies with long follow-ups are needed to clarify the potential unique efficacy of combined intervention for older adults.
认知干预和身体锻炼都有益于老年人的认知功能。有人认为，认知和身体联合干预可能比单独的认知或身体干预产生更大的效果，但现有文献的结果喜忧参半。本荟萃分析旨在通过将联合干预与对照组、认知干预和身体锻炼进行比较，评估联合干预对认知的疗效。符合条件的研究是指在没有已知认知障碍的老年人中，检验联合干预对认知影响的对照试验。共纳入 20 项干预研究，包含 2667 名参与者。结果表明，联合干预与对照组相比，总体效应量为 0.29（随机效应模型，p=0.001）。与身体锻炼相比，联合干预对总体效应量的影响更大（0.22，p<0.01），而联合干预与认知干预之间则无显著差异。联合干预的效果受到参与者年龄、干预频率和环境的调节。研究结果表明，联合干预优于对照组和身体锻炼，但与认知干预相比，联合干预是否具有优势仍缺乏证据。需要更多设计良好、随访时间较长的研究来阐明联合干预对老年人的潜在独特疗效。
