Alonso Silvia, Lindahl Johanna, Roesel Kristina, Traore Sylvain Gnamien, Yobouet Bassa Antoine, Ndour Andrée Prisca Ndjoug, Carron Maud, Grace Delia
International Livestock Research Institute,Nairobi,Kenya.
Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly,Abidjan,Côte d'Ivoire.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2016 Jun;17(1):28-38. doi: 10.1017/S1466252316000104.
The success of a systematic review depends on the availability, accessibility and quality of literature related to the review question. This paper presents the literature found in four systematic reviews conducted for a selection of zoonotic hazards in four livestock value chains in Africa, as well as setting out the challenges in conducting the reviews. The protocol was designed following international standards, and addressed four questions around prevalence, risk factors, control options and impact of various hazards and populations. Searches were conducted in four online databases. Articles were screened for relevance, and quality was assessed before data extraction. Literature on zoonotic hazards was in general scarce and access to full articles was limited. Overall, 25-40% of papers were considered poor quality. The diversity of approaches and designs in the studies compromised the ability to generate summarized estimates. We found that the emphasis of veterinary research has been on livestock problems rather than public health issues, although this seems to be shifting in the last decade; we also found there are limited studies on impact and control. While increasing literature is being published around zoonoses in Africa, this is still inadequate to appropriately inform policy and guide research efforts.
系统评价的成功取决于与评价问题相关文献的可得性、可获取性和质量。本文介绍了在针对非洲四个畜牧价值链中选定的人畜共患病危害开展的四项系统评价中所发现的文献，并阐述了开展这些评价过程中遇到的挑战。该方案是按照国际标准设计的，围绕各种危害和人群的流行率、风险因素、控制措施及影响提出了四个问题。在四个在线数据库中进行了检索。对文章进行相关性筛选，并在数据提取前评估质量。关于人畜共患病危害的文献总体上较为匮乏，获取全文的途径有限。总体而言，25%至40%的论文被认为质量较差。研究中方法和设计的多样性影响了生成汇总估计值的能力。我们发现，兽医研究的重点一直是家畜问题而非公共卫生问题，不过在过去十年中这种情况似乎正在转变；我们还发现关于影响和控制的研究有限。虽然非洲关于人畜共患病的文献越来越多，但仍不足以适当地为政策提供信息并指导研究工作。
