Lindahl Johanna F, Grace Delia
Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, 100 000 Vietnam.
2Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Res Integr Peer Rev. 2018 Oct 23;3:10. doi: 10.1186/s41073-018-0054-2. eCollection 2018.
Referencing is an integral part of scientific writing and professional research conduct that requires appropriate acknowledgement of others' work and avoidance of plagiarism. University students should understand and apply this as part of their academic development, but for this, it is essential that supervisors also display proper research integrity and support.
This study used an online educative questionnaire to understand the knowledge and attitudes of students and supervisors at two institutes in Europe and Africa. The results were then used to create discussion around education of students and faculty in workshops and lectures.
Overall, 138 students and 14 supervisors participated: most were Swedish (89) and Kenyan (11). Overall, 98% had heard about plagiarism, and 35% believed it was common. Only 45% had heard about self-plagiarism, and when explained what it was, 44.5% considered it morally wrong. Europeans and North Americans had more knowledge than other nationalities. Most (85%) had received some training on referencing, but there was little consensus about principles, with more than 30% considering it acceptable to cite a reference in a paper they had not read. Discussing these results and the questions in workshops was helpful; it was also clear that there was no consensus among supervisors on what constituted correct behavior.
This survey shows a need for greater consensus on appropriate referencing, and that there is need for more discussions and training on the topic for both students and faculty.
参考文献是科学写作和专业研究行为的一个组成部分，它要求对他人的工作给予恰当认可并避免抄袭。大学生应将其理解并应用于自身学术发展，但为此，导师也必须展现出恰当的研究诚信并给予支持。
本研究使用在线教育问卷来了解欧洲和非洲两所院校的学生和导师的知识水平及态度。然后利用研究结果在研讨会和讲座中围绕学生和教师的教育展开讨论。
总体而言，138名学生和14名导师参与其中：大多数是瑞典人（89人）和肯尼亚人（11人）。总体来看，98%的人听说过抄袭，35%的人认为抄袭很常见。只有45%的人听说过自我抄袭，在解释了自我抄袭是什么之后，44.5%的人认为这在道德上是错误的。欧洲人和北美人比其他国籍的人知识更丰富。大多数人（85%）接受过一些关于参考文献的培训，但在原则方面几乎没有达成共识，超过30%的人认为在一篇他们没有读过的论文中引用参考文献是可以接受的。在研讨会上讨论这些结果和问题很有帮助；同样明显的是，导师们对于什么构成正确行为并没有达成共识。
这项调查表明，在适当引用参考文献方面需要达成更大的共识，并且学生和教师都需要就该主题进行更多的讨论和培训。
