Trask Sydney, Schepers Scott T, Bouton Mark E
University of Vermont.
Rev Mex Anal Conducta. 2015 Sep;41(2):187-210.
Extinguished operant behavior can return or "resurge" when a response that has replaced it is also extinguished. Typically studied in nonhuman animals, the resurgence effect may provide insight into relapse that is seen when reinforcement is discontinued following human contingency management (CM) and functional communication training (FCT) treatments, which both involve reinforcing alternative behaviors to reduce behavioral excess. Although the variables that affect resurgence have been studied for some time, the mechanisms through which they promote relapse are still debated. We discuss three explanations of resurgence (response prevention, an extension of behavioral momentum theory, and an account emphasizing context change) as well as studies that evaluate them. Several new findings from our laboratory concerning the effects of different temporal distributions of the reinforcer during response elimination and the effects of manipulating qualitative features of the reinforcer pose a particular challenge to the momentum-based model. Overall, the results are consistent with a contextual account of resurgence, which emphasizes that reinforcers presented during response elimination have a discriminative role controlling behavioral inhibition. Changing the "reinforcer context" at the start of testing produces relapse if the organism has not learned to suppress its responding under conditions similar to the ones that prevail during testing.
当取代已消退操作行为的反应也被消退时，已消退的操作行为可能会恢复或“重现”。重现效应通常在非人类动物中进行研究，它可能有助于深入了解人类应急管理（CM）和功能性沟通训练（FCT）治疗后停止强化时出现的复发情况，这两种治疗都涉及强化替代行为以减少行为过度。尽管影响重现的变量已经研究了一段时间，但它们促进复发的机制仍存在争议。我们讨论了重现的三种解释（反应预防、行为动量理论的扩展以及强调情境变化的解释）以及评估它们的研究。我们实验室关于在反应消除期间强化物不同时间分布的影响以及操纵强化物质性特征的影响的几个新发现，对基于动量的模型提出了特殊挑战。总体而言，结果与重现的情境解释一致，该解释强调在反应消除期间呈现的强化物具有控制行为抑制的辨别作用。如果有机体在类似于测试期间盛行的条件下没有学会抑制其反应，那么在测试开始时改变“强化物情境”会导致复发。
