教育干预对孕妇感知易感性、自我效能感及龋失补指数的影响。
Effect of Educational Intervention on Perceived Susceptibility Self-Efficacy and DMFT of Pregnant Women.
作者信息
Shahnazi Hossein, Hosseintalaei Mehri, Esteki Ghashghaei Fatemeh, Charkazi Abdurrahman, Yahyavi Yahya, Sharifirad Gholamreza
机构信息
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
Neurosciences Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran.
出版信息
Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Apr 30;18(5):e24960. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.24960. eCollection 2016 May.
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization identifies oral health as a necessity for public health through the entirety of life. This issue has been considerably addressed due to susceptibility to tooth decay during pregnancy and maternal and fetal health.
OBJECTIVES
Investigate the effect of educational intervention on perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and DMFT of pregnant women.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A quasi-experimental survey (pretest, posttest, and control group) was implemented in 88 primiparous women in the first trimester of pregnancy who attended private clinics in Delfan city, Iran. It was conducted using random sampling and then assigned to intervention and control groups. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, a DMFT checklist, and some health belief model (HBM) constructs. After collecting baseline information, an educational intervention consisting of 4 training sessions for the intervention group was scheduled. In the sessions, lecture, focus-group discussion, video, and role-playing were used as the main educational strategies. Four months after the intervention, a post-test questionnaire and DMFT checklist were conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver20) software and Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA at the significant level of α < 0.05.
RESULTS
According to the independent t-test, the mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and DMFT was not different between the two groups before the education (P > 0.05), during the intervention, or after intervention. Repeated measure ANOVA explained that the aforementioned score was different in the three cases (pretest, 2 months after intervention, and 4 months after intervention) after intervention (P < 0.05). Paired t-test also showed that the DMFT mean increased 4 months after intervention in the control group (P < 0.001). It was not, however, augmented in the intervention group (P = 0.92).
CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that education on some of the HBM constructs resulted in increased knowledge of oral health, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy of pregnant women. It is also possible to prevent increased DMFT during pregnancy.
背景
世界卫生组织将口腔健康视为贯穿一生的公共卫生必需事项。由于孕期患龋齿的易感性以及母婴健康问题，该问题已得到相当程度的关注。
目的
调查教育干预对孕妇感知易感性、自我效能感和龋失补牙面数（DMFT）的影响。
患者与方法
对伊朗德尔凡市私立诊所中88名孕早期初产妇进行了一项准实验性调查（前测、后测和对照组）。采用随机抽样，然后将她们分为干预组和对照组。使用包含人口统计学特征、DMFT检查表以及一些健康信念模型（HBM）构成要素的问卷收集数据。收集基线信息后，为干预组安排了由4次培训课程组成的教育干预。在课程中，讲座、焦点小组讨论、视频和角色扮演被用作主要教育策略。干预4个月后，进行后测问卷和DMFT检查表调查。使用SPSS（版本20）软件以及卡方检验、独立t检验和重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析，显著性水平为α<0.05。
结果
根据独立t检验，两组在教育前（P>0.05）、干预期间或干预后，知识、感知易感性、自我效能感和DMFT的平均得分没有差异。重复测量方差分析表明，干预后上述得分在三个阶段（前测、干预后2个月和干预后4个月）存在差异（P<0.05）。配对t检验还显示，对照组干预4个月后DMFT平均值增加（P<0.001）。然而，干预组并未增加（P = 0.92）。
结论
结果表明，对一些HBM构成要素的教育提高了孕妇的口腔健康知识、感知易感性和自我效能感。还有可能预防孕期DMFT增加。
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