Gil-Montoya José Antonio, Barrios Rocío, Sánchez-Lara Inés, Carnero-Pardo Cristobal, Fornieles-Rubio Francisco, Montes Juan, Gonzalez-Moles Miguel Angel, Bravo Manuel
Bio-Health Research Institute of Granada, School of Dentistry, Granada, Spain.
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Granada, c/ Paseo de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
Drugs Aging. 2016 Aug;33(8):611-8. doi: 10.1007/s40266-016-0386-x.
Older adults, especially those with cognitive impairment or dementia, frequently consume drugs with potential xerostomic effects that impair their quality of life and oral health.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and analyze the possible pharmacological etiology of xerostomia in older people with or without cognitive impairment.
Individuals with cognitive impairment were recruited from patients diagnosed using standardized criteria in two neurology departments in Southern Spain. A comparison group was recruited from healthcare centers in the same city after ruling out cognitive impairment. Data on oral health, xerostomia, and drug consumption were recorded in both groups. Dry mouth was evaluated using a 1-item questionnaire and recording clinical signs of oral dryness. All drugs consumed by the participants were recorded, including memantine, anticholinesterases, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics.
The final sample comprised 200 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and 156 without. Xerostomia was present in 70.5 % of participants with cognitive impairment versus 36.5 % of those without, regardless of the drug consumed. Memantine consumption was the only variable significantly related to xerostomia in the multivariate model (OR 3.1; 95 % CI 1.1-8.7), and this relationship persisted after adjusting for possible confounders and forcing the inclusion of drugs with xerostomic potential.
More than 70 % of participants diagnosed with cognitive impairment or dementia had xerostomia. Anticholinesterases and memantine were both associated with the presence of xerostomia. In the case of memantine, this association was independent of the consumption of the other drugs considered.
老年人，尤其是那些患有认知障碍或痴呆症的人，经常服用具有潜在口干作用的药物，这些药物会损害他们的生活质量和口腔健康。
本研究的目的是确定有或无认知障碍的老年人中口干症的患病率，并分析其可能的药理学病因。
从西班牙南部两个神经科使用标准化标准诊断的患者中招募认知障碍患者。在排除认知障碍后，从同一城市的医疗中心招募一个对照组。两组均记录口腔健康、口干症和药物消费数据。使用单项问卷评估口干情况，并记录口腔干燥的临床体征。记录参与者服用的所有药物，包括美金刚、抗胆碱酯酶药、抗精神病药、抗抑郁药和抗焦虑药。
最终样本包括200名轻度认知障碍或痴呆症患者和156名无认知障碍患者。无论服用何种药物，70.5%的认知障碍参与者存在口干症，而无认知障碍者中这一比例为36.5%。在多变量模型中，服用美金刚是与口干症唯一显著相关的变量（比值比3.1；95%置信区间1.1 - 8.7），在调整可能的混杂因素并强制纳入具有口干潜在作用的药物后，这种关系仍然存在。
超过70%被诊断患有认知障碍或痴呆症的参与者存在口干症。抗胆碱酯酶药和美金刚都与口干症的存在有关。就美金刚而言，这种关联独立于所考虑的其他药物的服用情况。
