Lim Nathan M, Wang Lingle, Abel Robert, Mobley David L
Schrödinger, Inc. , 120 West 45th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States.
J Chem Theory Comput. 2016 Sep 13;12(9):4620-31. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00532. Epub 2016 Aug 16.
Tremendous recent improvements in computer hardware, coupled with advances in sampling techniques and force fields, are now allowing protein-ligand binding free energy calculations to be routinely used to aid pharmaceutical drug discovery projects. However, despite these recent innovations, there are still needs for further improvement in sampling algorithms to more adequately sample protein motion relevant to protein-ligand binding. Here, we report our work identifying and studying such clear and remaining needs in the apolar cavity of T4 lysozyme L99A. In this study, we model recent experimental results that show the progressive opening of the binding pocket in response to a series of homologous ligands.1 Even while using enhanced sampling techniques, we demonstrate that the predicted relative binding free energies (RBFE) are sensitive to the initial protein conformational state. Particularly, we highlight the importance of sufficient sampling of protein conformational changes and demonstrate how inclusion of three key protein residues in the "hot" region of the FEP/REST simulation improves the sampling and resolves this sensitivity, given enough simulation time.
近年来计算机硬件的巨大进步,再加上采样技术和力场的发展,现在使得蛋白质-配体结合自由能计算能够常规用于辅助药物研发项目。然而,尽管有这些最新的创新,采样算法仍有进一步改进的需求,以便更充分地采样与蛋白质-配体结合相关的蛋白质运动。在此,我们报告我们在T4溶菌酶L99A的非极性腔中识别和研究此类明显且尚存的需求的工作。在本研究中,我们对最近的实验结果进行建模,这些结果表明结合口袋会响应一系列同源配体而逐渐打开。即使使用增强采样技术,我们也证明预测的相对结合自由能(RBFE)对初始蛋白质构象状态敏感。特别地,我们强调了对蛋白质构象变化进行充分采样的重要性,并展示了在FEP/REST模拟的“热点”区域纳入三个关键蛋白质残基如何在有足够模拟时间的情况下改善采样并解决这种敏感性。