Tomita Saori, Abdalla Mohamed Osama Ali, Fujiwara Saori, Yamamoto Tatsuro, Iwase Hirotaka, Nakao Mitsuyoshi, Saitoh Noriko
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2017 Mar;8(2). doi: 10.1002/wrna.1384. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
The cell nucleus is highly organized and functionally compartmentalized. Double-stranded naked DNA is complexed with core histones and assembled into nucleosomes and chromatin, which are surrounded by nuclear domains composed of RNAs and proteins. Recently, three-dimensional views of chromosome organization beyond the level of the nucleosome have been established and are composed of several layers of chromosome domains. Only a small portion of the human genome encodes proteins; the majority is pervasively transcribed into noncoding RNAs whose functions are under intensive investigation. Importantly, the questions of how nuclear retained noncoding RNAs play roles in orchestrating the chromatin structure that have been addressed. We discuss the novel noncoding RNA clusters, Eleanors, which are derived from a large chromatin domain. They accumulate at the site of their own transcription to form RNA clouds in the nucleus, and they activate gene expression in the chromatin domain. Noncoding RNAs have emerging roles in genome regulation that are integrated into the spatial organization of chromatin and the nucleus. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1384. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1384 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
细胞核高度有序且在功能上具有分区。双链裸DNA与核心组蛋白复合，并组装成核小体和染色质，它们被由RNA和蛋白质组成的核结构域所包围。最近，已经建立了超出核小体水平的染色体组织的三维视图，其由几层染色体结构域组成。人类基因组中只有一小部分编码蛋白质；大部分被广泛转录为非编码RNA，其功能正在深入研究中。重要的是，核内保留的非编码RNA如何在协调染色质结构中发挥作用的问题已经得到解决。我们讨论了源自大型染色质结构域的新型非编码RNA簇Eleanors。它们在自身转录位点积累，在细胞核中形成RNA云，并激活染色质结构域中的基因表达。非编码RNA在基因组调控中发挥着新出现的作用，这些作用被整合到染色质和细胞核的空间组织中。WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1384. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1384 有关本文的更多资源，请访问WIREs网站。
