Zibung Marc, Zuber Claudia, Conzelmann Achim
Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2016 Aug 10;11(8):e0161049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161049. eCollection 2016.
Motor tests play a key role in talent selection in football. However, individual motor tests only focus on specific areas of a player's complex performance. To evaluate his or her overall performance during a game, the current study takes a holistic perspective and uses a person-oriented approach. In this approach, several factors are viewed together as a system, whose state is analysed longitudinally. Based on this idea, six motor tests were aggregated to form the Motor Function subsystem. 104 young, top-level, male football talents were tested three times (2011, 2012, 2013; Mage, t2011 = 12.26, SD = 0.29), and their overall level of performance was determined one year later (2014). The data were analysed using the LICUR method, a pattern-analytical procedure for person-oriented approaches. At all three measuring points, four patterns could be identified, which remained stable over time. One of the patterns found at the third measuring point identified more subsequently successful players than random selection would. This pattern is characterised by above-average, but not necessarily the best, performance on the tests. Developmental paths along structurally stable patterns that occur more often than predicted by chance indicate that the Motor Function subsystem is a viable means of forecasting in the age range of 12-15 years. Above-average, though not necessary outstanding, performance both on fitness and technical tests appears to be particularly promising. These findings underscore the view that a holistic perspective may be profitable in talent selection.
运动测试在足球人才选拔中起着关键作用。然而，个体运动测试仅关注球员复杂表现的特定方面。为了评估其在比赛中的整体表现，本研究采用整体视角并运用以人为本的方法。在这种方法中，几个因素被视为一个系统，对其状态进行纵向分析。基于这一理念，六项运动测试被汇总形成运动功能子系统。对104名年轻的顶级男性足球人才进行了三次测试（2011年、2012年、2013年；平均年龄，2011年时Mage = 12.26，标准差SD = 0.29），并在一年后（2014年）确定了他们的整体表现水平。数据采用LICUR方法进行分析，这是一种用于以人为本方法的模式分析程序。在所有三个测量点，都可以识别出四种模式，这些模式随时间保持稳定。在第三个测量点发现的一种模式识别出的后续成功球员比随机选择的更多。这种模式的特点是在测试中表现高于平均水平，但不一定是最好的。沿着结构稳定模式发展的路径出现的频率高于偶然预测，这表明运动功能子系统是预测12至15岁年龄范围内球员的一种可行手段。在体能和技术测试中表现高于平均水平但不一定突出似乎特别有前景。这些发现强调了整体视角在人才选拔中可能有益的观点。
