Ong Zi Yang Trevor, Chai Hui Zhong, How Choon How, Koh Jansen, Low Teck Boon
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
Singapore Med J. 2016 Aug;57(8):415-8. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2016130.
Haemoptysis is commonly seen in the healthcare setting. It can lead to life-threatening complications and therefore requires careful evaluation of the severity and status of the patient. Common causes of haemoptysis can be broadly grouped into five main categories: infective, neoplastic, vascular, autoimmune and drug-related. Detailed history-taking and careful physical examination are necessary to provide a diagnosis and assess the patient's haemodynamic status. Physicians must have a clear understanding of the criteria for further investigations and the need for a specialist or inpatient referral for management.
咯血在医疗环境中很常见。它可能导致危及生命的并发症，因此需要仔细评估患者的严重程度和状况。咯血的常见原因大致可分为五大类：感染性、肿瘤性、血管性、自身免疫性和药物相关性。详细的病史采集和仔细的体格检查对于做出诊断和评估患者的血流动力学状态是必要的。医生必须清楚了解进一步检查的标准以及转介专科医生或住院治疗的必要性。
