Lee Chia-Lun, Hsu Wei-Chieh, Cheng Ching-Feng
1Division of Physical and Health Education, Center for General Education, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN; 2Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, TAIWAN; and 3Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TAIWAN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jan;49(1):86-95. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001083.
This study aimed to determine how high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols featuring matched times but distinct sprint durations affect cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses and performance.
Thirty-eight recreationally active men (age 21 ± 2 yr) were assigned to one of three interval training groups: long-duration high-intensity (HIIT60s; 8 × 60 s at 85%-90% V˙O2max; 120-s recovery at 30% V˙O2max), short-duration high-intensity (HIIT10s; 48 × 10 s at 85%-90% V˙O2max; 20-s recovery at 30% V˙O2max), and control (regular physical activity without HIIT). Before and after a 4-wk training period (three sessions per week), participants performed graded exercise tests and repeated sprint tests, based on which their aerobic and anaerobic capacities were assessed. Skinfold thickness, blood, and metabolic responses were also measured before and after intervention.
After the 4-wk training period, V˙O2max was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in HIIT60s (52 ± 9 vs 61 ± 12 mL·kg·min) and HIIT10s (53 ± 10 vs 61 ± 10 mL·kg·min), but there were no changes in the control group (50 ± 7 vs 52 ± 7 mL·kg·min). Skinfold thickness in the abdomen and thigh did not differ significantly among the groups, but a significantly greater decrease in 14%-25% in HIIT60s and a decrease in 20% in HIIT10s after training (P < 0.05) were found. Blood lactate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, cortisol, and insulin concentrations were not significantly different among the three groups (P > 0.05), but testosterone concentration in the HIIT10s was higher after training than before (P < 0.05).
The higher incremental aerobic performance and lower skinfold thickness in HIIT60s versus HIIT10s reflected similar adaptations, but the higher repeated sprint performance was observed only in responses to HIIT60s, which may elicit greater anaerobic adaptations.
本研究旨在确定具有相同时间但不同冲刺持续时间的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）方案如何影响心肺和代谢反应以及运动表现。
38名有休闲运动习惯的男性（年龄21±2岁）被分配到三个间歇训练组之一：长时间高强度组（HIIT60s；8次，每次60秒，强度为最大摄氧量的85%-90%；恢复120秒，强度为最大摄氧量的30%）、短时间高强度组（HIIT10s；48次，每次10秒，强度为最大摄氧量的85%-90%；恢复20秒，强度为最大摄氧量的30%）和对照组（进行常规体育活动，不进行HIIT）。在为期4周的训练期（每周三次训练）前后，参与者进行了分级运动测试和重复冲刺测试，并据此评估他们的有氧和无氧能力。在干预前后还测量了皮褶厚度、血液和代谢反应。
在为期4周的训练期后，HIIT60s组（52±9对61±12毫升·千克·分钟）和HIIT10s组（53±10对61±10毫升·千克·分钟）的最大摄氧量显著增加（P<0.01），而对照组（50±7对52±7毫升·千克·分钟）没有变化。腹部和大腿的皮褶厚度在各组之间没有显著差异，但发现HIIT60s组训练后皮褶厚度显著降低14%-25%，HIIT10s组降低20%（P<0.05）。三组之间的血乳酸、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、皮质醇和胰岛素浓度没有显著差异（P>0.05），但HIIT10s组训练后的睾酮浓度高于训练前（P<0.05）。
与HIIT10s相比，HIIT60s中更高的递增有氧能力和更低的皮褶厚度反映了相似的适应性变化，但仅在对HIIT60s的反应中观察到更高的重复冲刺表现，这可能引发更大的无氧适应性变化。
