Flannery Andrea, Gerlach Jared Q, Joshi Lokesh, Kilcoyne Michelle
Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Advanced Glycoscience Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Microarrays (Basel). 2015 Dec 10;4(4):690-713. doi: 10.3390/microarrays4040690.
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in host-microorganism interactions and many host glycoconjugates are receptors or co-receptors for microbial binding. Host glycosylation varies with species and location in the body, and this contributes to species specificity and tropism of commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, bacterial glycosylation is often the first bacterial molecular species encountered and responded to by the host system. Accordingly, characterising and identifying the exact structures involved in these critical interactions is an important priority in deciphering microbial pathogenesis. Carbohydrate-based microarray platforms have been an underused tool for screening bacterial interactions with specific carbohydrate structures, but they are growing in popularity in recent years. In this review, we discuss carbohydrate-based microarrays that have been profiled with whole bacteria, recombinantly expressed adhesins or serum antibodies. Three main types of carbohydrate-based microarray platform are considered; (i) conventional carbohydrate or glycan microarrays; (ii) whole mucin microarrays; and (iii) microarrays constructed from bacterial polysaccharides or their components. Determining the nature of the interactions between bacteria and host can help clarify the molecular mechanisms of carbohydrate-mediated interactions in microbial pathogenesis, infectious disease and host immune response and may lead to new strategies to boost therapeutic treatments.
碳水化合物在宿主与微生物的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用，许多宿主糖缀合物是微生物结合的受体或共受体。宿主的糖基化因物种和身体部位而异，这有助于共生菌和病原菌的物种特异性和嗜性。此外，细菌糖基化通常是宿主系统遇到并作出反应的首个细菌分子种类。因此，表征和鉴定这些关键相互作用中涉及的精确结构是解读微生物发病机制的重要优先事项。基于碳水化合物的微阵列平台一直是一种未得到充分利用的工具，用于筛选细菌与特定碳水化合物结构的相互作用，但近年来它们越来越受欢迎。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用完整细菌、重组表达的粘附素或血清抗体进行分析的基于碳水化合物的微阵列。文中考虑了三种主要类型的基于碳水化合物的微阵列平台：（i）传统碳水化合物或聚糖微阵列；（ii）完整粘蛋白微阵列；以及（iii）由细菌多糖或其成分构建的微阵列。确定细菌与宿主之间相互作用的性质有助于阐明碳水化合物介导的相互作用在微生物发病机制、传染病和宿主免疫反应中的分子机制，并可能带来促进治疗的新策略。
