Lin Chi-Chi
a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , National University of Kaohsiung , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2016 Dec;66(12):1171-1182. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1219280.
To determine the impact of fireworks (FW) and firecrackers (FC) on particulate matter (PM) in ambient air, we reviewed evidence related to ambient PM during FW/FC periods; specifically, PM concentration, size, morphology, chemical components, including water-soluble ions and trace metals, and associated human health risks caused by exposure to FW/FC PM were reviewed. A large body of research suggests that outdoor ambient PM levels increase significantly during FW/FC displays. Furthermore, FW/FC PM remains suspended in the air, contributing to high PM concentrations for a long period. Increased PM from burning FW and FC mainly comprises fine and ultrafine spherical particles. Elevated levels of various trace metals, ions, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and organics in PM are present during FW/FC periods.
Unique physical and chemical properties of ambient PM during short-term FW/FC burning can lead to a substantial increase in adverse health effects compared with during non-FW/FC periods. Further epidemiological and toxicological research into the potential health effects resulting from exposure to various pollutants from FW/FC is vital. Geographical distributions of PM concentrations during FW displays highlight the importance of implementing PM controls at the regional level and formulating stricter protective environmental legislation, particularly in Asian (e.g., India, China, or Taiwan) where festivals are not the only periods celebrated with FW/FC.
为确定烟花（FW）和鞭炮（FC）对环境空气中颗粒物（PM）的影响，我们回顾了与FW/FC燃放期间环境PM相关的证据；具体而言，对PM浓度、粒径、形态、化学成分（包括水溶性离子和痕量金属）以及接触FW/FC PM所导致的相关人类健康风险进行了回顾。大量研究表明，在燃放FW/FC期间，室外环境PM水平会显著升高。此外，FW/FC产生的PM会悬浮在空气中，导致PM浓度在很长一段时间内居高不下。燃烧FW和FC产生的PM增加主要由细颗粒和超细球形颗粒组成。在FW/FC燃放期间，PM中各种痕量金属、离子、元素碳（EC）、有机碳（OC）和有机物的含量会升高。
与非FW/FC燃放期间相比，短期FW/FC燃放期间环境PM独特的物理和化学性质可能会导致对健康的不利影响大幅增加。进一步开展关于接触FW/FC产生的各种污染物对健康潜在影响的流行病学和毒理学研究至关重要。FW燃放期间PM浓度的地理分布凸显了在区域层面实施PM控制以及制定更严格的环境保护法规的重要性，尤其是在亚洲（如印度、中国或台湾），在这些地区，节日并非是唯一燃放FW/FC的时期。
