Kato Masashi, Azimi Mohammad Daud, Fayaz Said Hafizullah, Shah Muhammad Dawood, Hoque Md Zahirul, Hamajima Nobuyuki, Ohnuma Shoko, Ohtsuka Tomomi, Maeda Masao, Yoshinaga Masafumi
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; Units of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
General Directorate of Policy, Planning and International Relations, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Chemosphere. 2016 Dec;165:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.124. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Toxic elements in drinking water have great effects on human health. However, there is very limited information about toxic elements in drinking water in Afghanistan. In this study, levels of 10 elements (chromium, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, barium, mercury, lead and uranium) in 227 well drinking water samples in Kabul, Afghanistan were examined for the first time. Chromium (in 0.9% of the 227 samples), arsenic (7.0%) and uranium (19.4%) exceeded the values in WHO health-based guidelines for drinking-water quality. Maximum chromium, arsenic and uranium levels in the water samples were 1.3-, 10.4- and 17.2-fold higher than the values in the guidelines, respectively. We next focused on uranium, which is the most seriously polluted element among the 10 elements. Mean ± SD (138.0 ± 1.4) of the U/U isotopic ratio in the water samples was in the range of previously reported ratios for natural source uranium. We then examined the effect of our originally developed magnesium (Mg)-iron (Fe)-based hydrotalcite-like compounds (MF-HT) on adsorption for uranium. All of the uranium-polluted well water samples from Kabul (mean ± SD = 190.4 ± 113.9 μg/L; n = 11) could be remediated up to 1.2 ± 1.7 μg/L by 1% weight of our MF-HT within 60 s at very low cost (<0.001 cents/day/family) in theory. Thus, we demonstrated not only elevated levels of some toxic elements including natural source uranium but also an effective depurative for uranium in well drinking water from Kabul. Since our depurative is effective for remediation of arsenic as shown in our previous studies, its practical use in Kabul may be encouraged.
饮用水中的有毒元素对人体健康有很大影响。然而，阿富汗关于饮用水中有毒元素的信息非常有限。在本研究中，首次对阿富汗喀布尔227份井水饮用水样本中的10种元素（铬、镍、铜、砷、镉、锑、钡、汞、铅和铀）含量进行了检测。铬（占227份样本的0.9%）、砷（7.0%）和铀（19.4%）超过了世界卫生组织基于健康的饮用水质量指南中的值。水样中铬、砷和铀的最高含量分别比指南中的值高1.3倍、10.4倍和17.2倍。接下来我们重点关注铀，它是这10种元素中污染最严重的元素。水样中U/U同位素比值的平均值±标准差为(138.0±1.4)，处于先前报道的天然源铀比值范围内。然后我们研究了我们最初开发的镁（Mg）-铁（Fe）基类水滑石化合物（MF-HT）对铀的吸附效果。理论上，喀布尔所有受铀污染的井水样本（平均值±标准差=190.4±113.9μg/L；n=11）在60秒内通过1%重量的MF-HT可被修复至1.2±1.7μg/L，成本极低（<0.001美分/天/家庭）。因此，我们不仅证明了包括天然源铀在内的一些有毒元素含量升高，还证明了对喀布尔井水饮用水中的铀有有效的净化作用。由于我们的净化剂如我们先前研究所示对砷的修复有效，可能会鼓励其在喀布尔的实际应用。
