Wraw Christina, Deary Ian J, Der Geoff, Gale Catharine R
Center for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.
MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, 200 Renfield Street, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom.
Intelligence. 2016 Sep-Oct;58:69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2016.06.005.
Few cognitive epidemiology studies on mental health have focused on the links between pre-morbid intelligence and self-reports of common mental disorders, such as depression, sleep difficulties, and mental health status. The current study examines these associations in 50-year-old adults.
The study uses data from the 5793 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY-79) who responded to questions on mental health at age 50 and had IQ measured with the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) when they were aged between 15 and 23 years in 1980. Mental health outcomes were: life-time diagnosis of depression; the mental component score of the 12-item short-form Health Survey (SF-12); the 7-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); and a summary measure of sleep difficulty.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Higher intelligence in youth is associated with a reduced risk of self-reported mental health problems at age 50, with age-at-first-interview and sex adjusted Bs as follows: CES-depression (B = - 0.16, C.I. - 0.19 to - 0.12, < 0.001), sleep difficulties (B = - 0.11, C.I. - 0.13 to - 0.08, < 0.001), and SF-12 mental health status (OR = 0.78, C.I. 0.72 to 0.85, < 0.001; = - 0.03 = 0.075). Conversely, intelligence in youth is linked with an increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of depression by the age of 50 (OR 1.11, C.I. 1.01 to 1.22, = 0.024; = 0.03, = 0.109). No sex differences were observed in the associations. Adjusting for adult SES accounted for most of the association between IQ and the mental health outcomes, except for having reported a diagnosis of depression, in which case adjusting for adult SES led to an increase in the size of the positive association (OR = 1.32, C.I. 1.16 to 1.51, < 0.001).
很少有关于心理健康的认知流行病学研究关注病前智力与常见精神障碍自我报告之间的联系，如抑郁症、睡眠困难和心理健康状况。本研究调查了50岁成年人中的这些关联。
该研究使用了1979年全国青年纵向调查（NLSY - 79）中5793名参与者的数据，这些参与者在50岁时回答了心理健康问题，并在1980年15至23岁时用武装部队资格测试（AFQT）测量了智商。心理健康结果包括：抑郁症的终生诊断；12项简短健康调查（SF - 12）的心理成分得分；7项流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）；以及睡眠困难的综合测量。
年轻时较高的智力与50岁时自我报告的心理健康问题风险降低相关，调整首次访谈年龄和性别后的B值如下：CES - 抑郁（B = -0.16，置信区间 -0.19至 -0.12，P < 0.001），睡眠困难（B = -0.11，置信区间 -0.13至 -0.08，P < 0.001），以及SF - 12心理健康状况（OR = 0.78，置信区间0.72至0.85，P < 0.001；β = -0.03，P = 0.075）。相反，年轻时的智力与50岁前被诊断为抑郁症的风险增加相关（OR 1.11，置信区间1.01至1.22，P = 0.024；β = 0.03，P = 0.109）。在这些关联中未观察到性别差异。调整成人社会经济地位（SES）解释了智商与心理健康结果之间的大部分关联，但报告有抑郁症诊断的情况除外，在这种情况下，调整成人SES导致正向关联的幅度增加（OR = 1.32，置信区间1.16至1.51，P < 0.001）。
