B' Department of Neurology and the MS Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Central Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 Sep;9:68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.06.011. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
Cognitive impairment is experienced by about 50% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) worldwide and affects their employment, disease management and quality of life in general. The Brief International Cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) is a brief, practical and potentially universal battery for cognitive impairment in MS patients. It consists of three tests: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test-2 (CVLT-2) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R).
The objective of this study was to validate the BICAMS in Greek MS patients and controls.
Forty four MS patients and seventy nine healthy control (HC) participants were recruited and tested. They were group matched for age, education, gender and also premorbid cognitive reserve. All of them completed the three tests of the BICAMS battery. Instead of CVLT-2, the Greek validated form (Greek Verbal Learning Test, GVLT), was used. In addition, cognitive reserve was assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) standardized for the Greek population.
Significant difference was found in the performance of the two groups in all tests (p<0.0001, p<0.02, p<0.009 for SDMT, GVLT and BVMT-R respectively). Test-retest reliability was good for all the tests. Based on the criterion of 1 or more tests below the 5th percentile of healthy controls performance, 47% of patients were found impaired.
The study provides validation of BICAMS in Greek population and therefore facilitates the use of this battery in clinical practice and in future studies of MS patients in Greece.
认知障碍在全球约 50%的多发性硬化症（MS）患者中出现，并影响他们的就业、疾病管理和整体生活质量。简短国际认知评估多发性硬化症（BICAMS）是一种用于评估 MS 患者认知障碍的简短、实用且具有潜在普遍性的测试工具。它由三个测试组成：符号数字模态测试（SDMT）、加利福尼亚语言学习测试-2 版（CVLT-2）和简短视觉空间记忆测试修订版（BVMT-R）。
本研究旨在验证 BICAMS 在希腊多发性硬化症患者和对照组中的有效性。
招募了 44 名多发性硬化症患者和 79 名健康对照（HC）参与者进行测试。他们按年龄、教育程度、性别以及先前的认知储备进行了分组匹配。所有参与者都完成了 BICAMS 测试工具的三个测试。替代 CVLT-2，使用了经过希腊验证的形式（希腊语言学习测试，GVLT）。此外，使用认知储备指数问卷（CRIq）评估认知储备，该问卷针对希腊人群进行了标准化。
两组在所有测试中的表现均存在显著差异（p<0.0001、p<0.02、p<0.009 分别用于 SDMT、GVLT 和 BVMT-R）。所有测试的重测信度都很好。根据健康对照组表现低于第 5 个百分位数的 1 个或更多测试的标准，47%的患者被发现存在认知障碍。
本研究为 BICAMS 在希腊人群中的验证提供了依据，从而便于在临床实践以及未来的希腊多发性硬化症患者研究中使用该测试工具。
