Trache Djalal, Hussin M Hazwan, Hui Chuin Caryn Tan, Sabar Sumiyyah, Fazita M R Nurul, Taiwo Owolabi F A, Hassan T M, Haafiz M K Mohamad
UER Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria.
Lignocellulosic Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2016 Dec;93(Pt A):789-804. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.056. Epub 2016 Sep 16.
Considering its widespread usage in various fields, such as food, pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic and polymer composites industries, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is becoming impellent due to increasing demand of alternatives to non-renewable and scarce fossil materials. Although it still suffers from some drawbacks, MCC has recently gained more interest owing to its renewability, non-toxicity, economic value, biodegradability, high mechanical properties, high surface area and biocompatibility. New sources, new isolation processes, and new treatments are currently under development to satisfy the increasing demand of producing new types of MCC-based materials on an industrial scale. Therefore, this review assembles the current knowledge on the isolation of MCC from different sources using various procedures, its characterization, and its application in bio-composites. Challenges and future opportunities of MCC-based composites are discussed as well as obstacles remaining for their extensive uses.
鉴于微晶纤维素（MCC）在食品、制药、医疗、化妆品和聚合物复合材料等各个领域的广泛应用，由于对不可再生和稀缺化石材料替代品的需求不断增加，MCC正变得极具吸引力。尽管它仍存在一些缺点，但MCC最近因其可再生性、无毒性、经济价值、生物降解性、高机械性能、高表面积和生物相容性而受到更多关注。目前正在开发新的来源、新的分离工艺和新的处理方法，以满足在工业规模上生产新型MCC基材料不断增长的需求。因此，本综述汇集了有关使用各种程序从不同来源分离MCC、其表征及其在生物复合材料中的应用的现有知识。讨论了基于MCC的复合材料面临的挑战和未来机遇，以及其广泛应用仍然存在的障碍。
