Mikkelsen A, Galli C, Eiben G, Ahrens W, Iacoviello L, Molnár D, Pala V, Risé P, Rodriguez G, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Vyncke K, Wolters M, Mehlig K
Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Närhälsan, Research and Development Primary Health Care, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;71(1):39-44. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.158. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in allergy development, but the etiological role of n-6 and n-3 PUFA is still controversial. A European multicenter study of children (IDEFICS) provided the opportunity to explore the cross-sectional association between fatty acids (FA) and allergy.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Blood FA levels were measured in 2600 children aged 2-9 years and were recorded as the percentage of weight of all FA detected. Logistic regression of allergy status on FA components was adjusted for age, sex, country, body mass index, family history of allergic disease, breast-feeding, and number of siblings. The results were given as odds ratios (OR) for current vs no allergy ever and an increase in FA by 1 s.d.
Overall, higher proportions of n-6 PUFA were associated with higher odds of allergy (OR=1.21 (1.05, 1.40)). Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were associated with reduced risk for allergy (OR=0.75 (0.65, 0.87)), whereas saturated FA did not differ by allergy status. The strongest associations were observed in children <4 years old, with ORs of allergy given as 1.62 (1.15, 2.29) for n-3 PUFA and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) for MUFA. With regard to individual FA, these associations were independently observed for docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and oleic acid (18:1 n-9).
Both PUFA subtypes were positively associated with allergy in an age-dependent manner, whereas MUFA was associated with less allergy. The observation of high proportions of n-3 PUFA in allergic children younger than 4 years might help to understand the nature of early onset of atopic disease.
背景/目的：血液中的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）与过敏的发生有关，但n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的病因学作用仍存在争议。一项针对儿童的欧洲多中心研究（IDEFICS）提供了探索脂肪酸（FA）与过敏之间横断面关联的机会。
受试者/方法：测量了2600名2至9岁儿童的血液脂肪酸水平，并记录为所有检测到的脂肪酸重量的百分比。对脂肪酸成分的过敏状态进行逻辑回归分析，并根据年龄、性别、国家、体重指数、过敏性疾病家族史、母乳喂养和兄弟姐妹数量进行调整。结果以当前过敏与从未过敏的比值比（OR）以及脂肪酸增加1个标准差表示。
总体而言，n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比例较高与过敏几率较高相关（OR=1.21（1.05，1.40））。单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）与过敏风险降低相关（OR=0.75（0.65，0.87）），而饱和脂肪酸在过敏状态方面没有差异。在4岁以下儿童中观察到最强的关联，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的过敏OR为1.62（1.15，2.29），单不饱和脂肪酸为0.63（0.42，0.95）。就个体脂肪酸而言，二十二碳五烯酸（22:5 n-3）和油酸（18:1 n-9）独立观察到这些关联。
两种多不饱和脂肪酸亚型均以年龄依赖的方式与过敏呈正相关，而单不饱和脂肪酸与过敏较少相关。在4岁以下过敏性儿童中观察到高比例的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能有助于理解特应性疾病早期发病的本质。
