Bergamini C, Perniola R, Cardone M F, Gasparro M, Pepe R, Caputo A R, Antonacci D
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria- CREA - Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA Italy.
Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria- CREA - Centro di ricerca per l'orticoltura, Via Cavalleggeri, 25, 84098 Pontecagnano, SA Italy.
Springerplus. 2016 Sep 14;5(1):1562. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-3228-8. eCollection 2016.
Vitis vinifera L. varieties were spread through cuttings following historic migrations of people, trades, or after biological crises due to pests outbreaks. Some today's varieties could be more than a 1000 years old and, although over the centuries these varieties generated most of the remaining cultivars, their origin could be impossible to track back. The Italian grapevine biodiversity is one of most important, most likely due to its strategic position in the middle of the Mediterranean sea. Unravelling of its structure is challenging because of its complexity and the lack of historical documentation. In this paper molecular data are compared with historical documentations. Simple Sequence Repeats fingerprinting are molecular markers best suited to investigate genetic relationships and identify pedigrees. South-Italian germplasm was studied with 54 nuclear microsatellites. A family was identified, consisting of two parents and three siblings and further genetically characterized with six nuclear and five chloroplast microsatellites and described with ampelographic and phylometric analysis. Although these latter were not informative for the kinship identification. The common Bombino bianco was the female parent and the previously unknown Uva rosa antica was the male parent. Bombino nero, Impigno and the popular Uva di Troia, all typical of the south-east Italy, were the offspring. Further research showed that the Uva rosa antica was a synonym of Quagliano and Bouteillan noir, both minor varieties. Quagliano was considered to be autochthonous of some alpine valleys in the north-west of Italy and Bouteillan noir is a neglected variety of Vancluse in France. This finding uncovers the intricate nature of Italian grape cultivars, considered peculiar of an area, but possibly being the remains of ancient latin founding varieties. Consequently, intriguing new hypotheses are discussed and some conclusions are drawn, based on the peculiar geographical origin of the parents, on the distribution of the offspring, on the chance of a single, and perhaps intentional, crossing event.
欧洲葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）品种是随着人类历史上的迁徙、贸易活动，或是在害虫爆发引发生物危机之后，通过扦插繁殖得以传播的。如今的一些品种可能已有一千多年的历史，尽管在过去几个世纪里，这些品种衍生出了大部分现存的栽培品种，但其起源却难以追溯。意大利的葡萄生物多样性极为重要，这很可能是由于其地处地中海中部的战略位置。由于其结构复杂且缺乏历史文献记载，梳理其结构颇具挑战性。在本文中，分子数据与历史文献进行了比较。简单序列重复指纹图谱是最适合研究遗传关系和鉴定谱系的分子标记。利用54个核微卫星对意大利南部的种质资源进行了研究。鉴定出一个家族，由两个亲本和三个子代组成，并进一步用六个核微卫星和五个叶绿体微卫星进行了遗传特征分析，同时通过葡萄品种形态学和系统发育分析进行了描述。尽管后者对亲缘关系鉴定并无帮助。常见的白博比诺（Bombino bianco）是母本，之前未知的古老玫瑰香葡萄（Uva rosa antica）是父本。黑博比诺（Bombino nero）、因皮尼奥（Impigno）和广受欢迎的特罗亚葡萄（Uva di Troia），这些都是意大利东南部的典型品种，是它们的后代。进一步的研究表明，古老玫瑰香葡萄是夸利亚诺（Quagliano）和黑布泰兰（Bouteillan noir）的同义词，这两个都是小众品种。夸利亚诺被认为原产于意大利西北部的一些高山山谷，黑布泰兰是法国旺克吕斯地区一个被忽视的品种。这一发现揭示了意大利葡萄栽培品种的复杂本质，这些品种被认为是某个地区特有的，但可能是古代拉丁原始品种的遗留。因此，基于亲本独特的地理起源、子代的分布情况以及单一且可能是有意的杂交事件的可能性，讨论了一些有趣的新假设并得出了一些结论。
