Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Jul 2;11(7):737. doi: 10.3390/genes11070737.
Croatian viticulture was most extensive at the beginning of the 20th century, when about 400 varieties were in use. Autochthonous varieties are the result of spontaneous hybridization from the pre-phylloxera era and are still cultivated today on about 35 % of vineyard area, while some exist only in repositories. We present what is the most comprehensive genetic analysis of all major Croatian national repositories, with a large number of microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and it is also the first study to apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. After 212 accessions were fingerprinted, 95 were classified as unique to Croatian germplasm. Genetic diversity of Croatian germplasm is rather high considering its size. SNP markers proved useful for fingerprinting but less informative and practical than SSRs. Analysis of the genetic structure showed that Croatian germplasm is predominantly part of the Balkan grape gene pool. A high number of admixed varieties and synonyms is a consequence of complex pedigrees and migrations. Parentage analysis confirmed 24 full parentages, as well as 113 half-kinships. Unexpectedly, several key genitors could not be detected within the present Croatian germplasm. The low number of reconstructed parentages (19%) points to severe genetic erosion and stresses the importance of germplasm repositories.
克罗地亚的葡萄栽培在 20 世纪初最为广泛，当时使用了约 400 个品种。原生品种是根瘤蚜前自发杂交的结果，至今仍在约 35%的葡萄园种植，而有些则仅存在于贮藏库中。我们展示了对所有主要克罗地亚国家贮藏库进行的最全面的遗传分析，使用了大量微卫星或简单重复序列（SSR）标记，这也是首次应用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记进行的研究。在对 212 个样本进行指纹分析后，其中 95 个被归类为克罗地亚种质特有的。考虑到克罗地亚种质的规模，其遗传多样性相当高。SNP 标记可用于指纹分析，但不如 SSR 标记信息丰富和实用。遗传结构分析表明，克罗地亚种质主要是巴尔干葡萄基因库的一部分。大量的混种品种和同义词是复杂血统和迁移的结果。亲代分析证实了 24 个完整的亲缘关系，以及 113 个半亲缘关系。出乎意料的是，在目前的克罗地亚种质中，无法检测到几个关键的供体。重建的亲缘关系数量较低（19%）表明遗传侵蚀严重，强调了种质库的重要性。
