Hosseindoust A R, Lee S H, Kim J S, Choi Y H, Kwon I K, Chae B J
Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN, USA.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Oct;101(5):e98-e107. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12567. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of bacteriophages in different environments on growth performance, digestibility, ileal and caecal microbiota, gut morphology and immunity of weanling pigs. Two hundred piglets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicate pens with 10 pigs per pen. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the response of weanling pigs to supplemental bacteriophages (0 and 1.0 g/kg of diet) in contaminated or hygienic environments. Bacteriophages supplementation did not affect average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain:feed in phases I and III; however, there was a significant improvement in ADG and gain:feed in phase II. The supplementation of bacteriophages increased the overall gain:feed of pigs. The overall result showed a greater ADG and ADFI in hygienic room. There were reductions in population of both ileal (p < 0.05) and caecal (p < 0.01) Clostridium spp. and ileal coliforms (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of bacteriophages in the diet. Bacteriophages increased ileal Lactobacillus and caecal Bifidobacterium and tended to increase ileal Bifidobacterium (p = 0.08). Contaminated environment decreased ileal Lactobacillus and caecal Bifidobacterium and tended to increase ileal Clostridium (p = 0.08) and coliforms (p = 0.08). Total anaerobic bacteria was tended to decrease (p = 0.06) in contaminated environment. Jejunal villus height increased in pigs received bacteriophages, but they did not affect other morphological items. The interaction between bacteriophages and environment tended to be significant (p = 0.06) for ileal villus height and ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio. The overall faecal score was significantly greater in hygienic environment and bacteriophages groups. The present findings indicate that there is an interactive effect on feed efficiency between bacteriophages and contaminated environment. In addition, bacteriophages improve jejunum morphology, and intestinal microbiota of pigs.
本研究旨在探讨不同环境下噬菌体对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化率、回肠和盲肠微生物群、肠道形态及免疫力的影响。200头仔猪被随机分为4个处理组，每组5个重复栏，每栏10头猪。采用2×2析因设计处理方式，研究断奶仔猪在污染或卫生环境中对补充噬菌体（0和1.0 g/kg日粮）的反应。补充噬菌体对第I和第III阶段的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比无影响；然而，第II阶段的ADG和料重比有显著改善。补充噬菌体提高了猪的总体料重比。总体结果显示，在卫生环境中猪的ADG和ADFI更高。日粮中添加噬菌体后，回肠（p<0.05）和盲肠（p<0.01）梭菌属以及回肠大肠菌群（p<0.01）数量减少。噬菌体增加了回肠乳酸杆菌和盲肠双歧杆菌数量，并倾向于增加回肠双歧杆菌数量（p=0.08）。污染环境降低了回肠乳酸杆菌和盲肠双歧杆菌数量，并倾向于增加回肠梭菌（p=0.08）和大肠菌群数量（p=0.08）。污染环境中总厌氧菌数量有减少趋势（p=0.06）。接受噬菌体的猪空肠绒毛高度增加，但对其他形态指标无影响。噬菌体与环境之间的交互作用对回肠绒毛高度和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值有显著趋势（p=0.06）。卫生环境组和噬菌体组的总体粪便评分显著更高。目前的研究结果表明，噬菌体与污染环境之间对饲料效率存在交互作用。此外，噬菌体可改善猪的空肠形态和肠道微生物群。
