Shonin Edo, Van Gordon William
Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Chaucer Building, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU UK ; Awake to Wisdom Centre for Meditation and Mindfulness Research, Nottingham, UK.
Int J Ment Health Addict. 2016;14(5):844-849. doi: 10.1007/s11469-016-9653-7. Epub 2016 May 13.
Consistent with its growing popularity amongst the general public and medical community, throughout recent decades there have been increasing attempts to understand the mechanisms that underlie therapeutic improvement in individuals receiving mindfulness training. The current paper draws upon findings from various remits of scientific enquiry and summarises key evidence-based mechanisms of mindfulness that have been proposed in the academic literature to date. Empirical findings indicate that mindfulness targets biological, psychological, social, and spiritual psychopathology determinants. Furthermore, the mechanistic pathways exploited by mindfulness are likely to vary according to factors such as (i) the type of mindfulness-based intervention that is administered (e.g., first- or second-generation mindfulness-based interventions), (ii) the specific clinical disorder that is being targeted, (iii) the educational, social, and spiritual history of the participant, and (iv) the extent to which the mindfulness instructor truly embodies the principles of mindful living. It is hoped that the mechanisms of mindfulness discussed in this paper will contribute to the formulation of a more complete picture that can be tested and expanded upon during future scientific enquiry.
正念训练在普通大众和医学界越来越受欢迎，近几十年来，人们越来越多地尝试去理解接受正念训练的个体治疗改善背后的机制。本文借鉴了各种科学探究领域的研究结果，总结了迄今为止学术文献中提出的基于证据的正念关键机制。实证研究结果表明，正念针对生物、心理、社会和精神层面的精神病理学决定因素。此外，正念所利用的作用机制可能会因以下因素而有所不同：（i）所实施的基于正念的干预类型（例如，第一代或第二代基于正念的干预）；（ii）所针对的特定临床疾病；（iii）参与者的教育、社会和精神背景；以及（iv）正念指导者真正体现正念生活原则的程度。希望本文所讨论的正念机制将有助于形成一个更完整的图景，以便在未来的科学探究中进行检验和拓展。
