Mallorquí-Bagué Nuria, Fagundo Ana B, Jimenez-Murcia Susana, de la Torre Rafael, Baños Rosa M, Botella Cristina, Casanueva Felipe F, Crujeiras Ana B, Fernández-García Jose C, Fernández-Real Jose M, Frühbeck Gema, Granero Roser, Rodríguez Amaia, Tolosa-Sola Iris, Ortega Francisco J, Tinahones Francisco J, Alvarez-Moya Eva, Ochoa Cristian, Menchón Jose M, Fernández-Aranda Fernando
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
PLoS One. 2016 Sep 30;11(9):e0163901. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163901. eCollection 2016.
Addictions are associated with decision making impairments. The present study explores decision making in Substance use disorder (SUD), Gambling disorder (GD) and Obesity (OB) when assessed by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and compares them with healthy controls (HC).
For the aims of this study, 591 participants (194 HC, 178 GD, 113 OB, 106 SUD) were assessed according to DSM criteria, completed a sociodemographic interview and conducted the IGT.
SUD, GD and OB present impaired decision making when compared to the HC in the overall task and task learning, however no differences are found for the overall performance in the IGT among the clinical groups. Results also reveal some specific learning across the task patterns within the clinical groups: OB maintains negative scores until the third set where learning starts but with a less extend to HC, SUD presents an early learning followed by a progressive although slow improvement and GD presents more random choices with no learning.
Decision making impairments are present in the studied clinical samples and they display individual differences in the task learning. Results can help understanding the underlying mechanisms of OB and addiction behaviors as well as improve current clinical treatments.
成瘾与决策障碍有关。本研究通过爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）评估物质使用障碍（SUD）、赌博障碍（GD）和肥胖症（OB）患者的决策能力，并将其与健康对照组（HC）进行比较。
为实现本研究的目的，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》标准对591名参与者（194名健康对照组、178名赌博障碍患者、113名肥胖症患者、106名物质使用障碍患者）进行评估，完成社会人口学访谈并进行IGT测试。
与健康对照组相比，物质使用障碍、赌博障碍和肥胖症患者在整体任务和任务学习中的决策能力受损，然而在IGT的整体表现上，各临床组之间未发现差异。结果还揭示了各临床组在任务模式中的一些特定学习情况：肥胖症患者在第三组之前一直保持负分，此时学习开始，但与健康对照组相比程度较轻；物质使用障碍患者表现出早期学习，随后虽有进步但进展缓慢；赌博障碍患者的选择更随机，没有学习。
在所研究的临床样本中存在决策障碍，并且在任务学习中表现出个体差异。研究结果有助于理解肥胖症和成瘾行为的潜在机制，并改善当前的临床治疗。
