Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Oct 12;20(4):515-526. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
Live bacteria (such as probiotics) have long been used to modulate gut microbiota and human physiology, but their colonization is mostly transient. Conceptual understanding of the ecological principles as they apply to exogenously introduced microbes in gut ecosystems is lacking. We find that, when orally administered to humans, Bifidobacterium longum AH1206 stably persists in the gut of 30% of individuals for at least 6 months without causing gastrointestinal symptoms or impacting the composition of the resident gut microbiota. AH1206 engraftment was associated with low abundance of resident B. longum and underrepresentation of specific carbohydrate utilization genes in the pre-treatment microbiome. Thus, phylogenetic limiting and resource availability are two factors that control the niche opportunity for AH1206 colonization. These findings suggest that bacterial species and functional genes absent in the gut microbiome of individual humans can be reestablished, providing opportunities for precise and personalized microbiome reconstitution.
活细菌（如益生菌）长期以来一直被用于调节肠道微生物群和人体生理学，但它们的定植大多是短暂的。缺乏对外源性引入肠道生态系统中的微生物适用的生态原则的概念理解。我们发现，当口服给予人类时，双歧杆菌 AH1206 在至少 6 个月的时间内稳定地存在于 30%的个体的肠道中，而不会引起胃肠道症状或影响常驻肠道微生物群的组成。AH1206 的定植与常驻双歧杆菌的低丰度和定植前微生物组中特定碳水化合物利用基因的代表性不足有关。因此，系统发育限制和资源可用性是控制 AH1206 定植生态位机会的两个因素。这些发现表明，个体肠道微生物组中不存在的细菌物种和功能基因可以重新建立，为精确和个性化的微生物组重建提供了机会。
