Monfort-Pires Milena, Ferreira Sandra Roberta G
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2017 Jan;33:331-337. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.021. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two interventions in breakfast with different fatty acid content on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in individuals at different cardiovascular risk levels.
This crossover clinical trial included 80 overweight participants who were grouped according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The participants received two isocaloric breakfast interventions for 4 wk, with a 2-wk washout. The "Brazilian" breakfast was enriched with saturated fat, whereas the "modified" meal was enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and fibers. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare dietary data, and Student's t or Wilcoxon tests were used to compare clinical and inflammatory variables. A χ test was employed to compare frequencies.
Frequencies of MetS increased after the Brazilian breakfast and decreased after the modified meal. Significant reduction in mean values of WC and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were detected at the end of the modified intervention. Participants with or without the MetS exhibited contrasting responses to the modified breakfast: respectively, significant changes in DBP levels (-3.7 ± 6.9 versus -0.5 ± 6.9 mm Hg; P < 0.05), plasma glucose (-3 ± 7.3 versus 3 ± 7.4 mg/dL; P < 0.05), and apolipoprotein-B (-0.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.2 ± 0.3 mg/mL; P < 0.05), interferon-γ (-0.6 ± 1.2 versus 0.1 ± 1.3 pg/mL; P < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations (0.4 ± 3.6 versus -0.8 ± 2.8 pg/mL; P < 0.05) were observed.
Dietary intervention of small magnitude, for a short period, was able to improve traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and inflammatory markers, as well as the frequency of MetS. Responses to dietary interventions of individuals at different levels of cardiovascular risk should be examined through different biomarkers.
本研究旨在调查两种脂肪酸含量不同的早餐干预措施对不同心血管风险水平个体的代谢和炎症生物标志物的影响。
这项交叉临床试验纳入了80名超重参与者，根据代谢综合征（MetS）的存在进行分组。参与者接受两种等热量早餐干预，为期4周，中间有2周的洗脱期。“巴西式”早餐富含饱和脂肪，而“改良式”餐富含不饱和脂肪酸和纤维。采用重复测量方差分析来比较饮食数据，采用学生t检验或威尔科克森检验来比较临床和炎症变量。采用χ检验来比较频率。
巴西式早餐后MetS的频率增加，改良式餐食后降低。在改良干预结束时，检测到腰围和舒张压（DBP）的平均值显著降低，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高。患有或未患有MetS的参与者对改良早餐表现出不同的反应：分别观察到DBP水平（-3.7±6.9对-0.5±6.9 mmHg；P<0.05）、血浆葡萄糖（-3±7.3对3±7.4 mg/dL；P<0.05）、载脂蛋白B（-0.1±0.6对0.2±0.3 mg/mL；P<0.05）、干扰素-γ（-0.6±1.2对0.1±1.3 pg/mL；P<0.05）和肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度（0.4±3.6对-0.8±2.8 pg/mL；P<0.05）有显著变化。
短期内小幅度的饮食干预能够改善心血管疾病的传统危险因素、炎症标志物以及MetS的频率。应通过不同的生物标志物来检查不同心血管风险水平个体对饮食干预的反应。
