全谷物和精制谷物用于减肥饮食对腰围增加个体代谢综合征标志物的影响：一项随机对照喂养试验
Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial.
作者信息
Harris Jackson Kristina, West Sheila G, Vanden Heuvel John P, Jonnalagadda Satya S, Ross Alastair B, Hill Alison M, Grieger Jessica A, Lemieux Susan K, Kris-Etherton Penny M
机构信息
From the Departments of Nutritional Sciences (KHJ, SGW, AMH, JAG, and PMK-E), Biobehavioral Health (SGW), and Veterinary and Biomedical Science (JPVH); the Center of Excellence in Nutrigenomics (JPVH and PMK-E); and the Social, Life, and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center (SKL), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills Inc, Minneapolis, MN (SSJ); the Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland (ABR); the Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden (ABR); the Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia (AMH); and the Robinson Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia (JAG).
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Aug;100(2):577-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.078048. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
BACKGROUND
Higher whole-grain (WG) intake is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, there is inconsistent clinical evidence with regard to the benefit of WGs compared with refined grains (RGs) on MetS.
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that consuming WGs in the place of RGs would improve MetS criteria in individuals with or at risk of MetS.
DESIGN
A randomized, controlled, open-label parallel study was conducted in 50 overweight and obese individuals with increased waist circumference and one or more other MetS criteria. Participants consumed a controlled weight-loss diet containing either WG or RG (control) products for 12 wk. Body composition, MetS criteria and related markers, and plasma alkylresorcinols (compliance marker of WG intake) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 wk. A subgroup (n = 28) underwent magnetic resonance imaging to quantify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT).
RESULTS
Baseline variables were not significantly different between groups; however, the RG group tended to have higher triglycerides and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.06). Alkylresorcinols increased with consumption of the WG diet and did not change with consumption of the RG diet (time × treatment, P < 0.0001), which showed dietary compliance. There were no differences in anthropometric changes between groups; however, weight, body mass index, and percentage of body AT decreased at both 6 and 12 wk (P < 0.05), and reductions in percentage of abdominal AT occurred by 6 wk and did not change between 6 and 12 wk (P = 0.09). Both glucose (P = 0.02) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.04) were lower with the consumption of the WG compared with the RG diet. However, when noncompliant individuals (n = 3) were removed, the glucose effect was stronger (P = 0.01) and the HDL-cholesterol effect was no longer significant (P = 0.14).
CONCLUSIONS
Replacing RGs with WGs within a weight-loss diet does not beneficially affect abdominal AT loss and has modest effects on markers of MetS. WGs appear to be effective at normalizing blood glucose concentrations, especially in those individuals with prediabetes.
背景
较高的全谷物（WG）摄入量与较低的代谢综合征（MetS）患病率相关；然而，关于WG与精制谷物（RG）相比对MetS的益处，临床证据并不一致。
目的
我们假设用WG替代RG会改善患有MetS或有MetS风险的个体的MetS标准。
设计
对50名腰围增加且有一项或多项其他MetS标准的超重和肥胖个体进行了一项随机、对照、开放标签平行研究。参与者食用含WG或RG（对照）产品的控制体重饮食12周。在基线、6周和12周时测量身体成分、MetS标准及相关标志物，以及血浆烷基间苯二酚（WG摄入量的依从性标志物）。一个亚组（n = 28）接受磁共振成像以量化皮下和内脏脂肪组织（AT）。
结果
两组之间的基线变量无显著差异；然而，RG组的甘油三酯往往较高，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇较低（P = 0.06）。烷基间苯二酚随着WG饮食的摄入而增加，随着RG饮食的摄入而无变化（时间×治疗，P < 0.0001），这表明饮食依从性良好。两组之间的人体测量学变化无差异；然而，体重、体重指数和身体AT百分比在6周和12周时均下降（P < 0.05），腹部AT百分比在6周时下降，在6周和12周之间无变化（P = 0.09）。与RG饮食相比，食用WG时血糖（P = 0.02）和HDL胆固醇（P = 0.04）均较低。然而，当去除不依从个体（n = 3）时，血糖效应更强（P = 0.01），HDL胆固醇效应不再显著（P = 0.14）。
结论
在减肥饮食中用WG替代RG对腹部AT减少没有有益影响，对MetS标志物有适度影响。WG似乎对使血糖浓度正常化有效，尤其是在那些患有糖尿病前期的个体中。
Zotero 插件