Kliem Sören, Mößle Thomas, Klatt Thimna, Fleischer Stephanie, Kudlacek Dominic, Kröger Christoph, Brähler Elmar, Beutel Manfred E, Wiltink Jörg
Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen, Hannover.
Institut für Psychologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2016 Sep;66(9-10):385-392. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-114775. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
This study addresses the need for methodologically sound, brief screening procedures (e. g., the PHQ-4) which need to be validated for refugees in their native languages. A cohort of Syrian refugees in the state of Lower Saxony was investigated with the PHQ-4 translated into Standard Arabic language by a professional translation bureau. Based on representative data, the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders was estimated among refugees. N=864 persons of mainly male sex (68%) answered with a mean age of M=31.5 (SD=9.3 years, ranging from 16 to 93 years). Internal consistency was good (PHQ-2, respectively GAD-2: α=0.76/0.83; women α=0.76/0.83; men: α=0.76/0.83). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed good to excellent fit: RMSEA=0,068 [95%-KI: 0.028, 0.117], TLI=0.971, CFI=0.995. Measurement invariance was demonstrated for sex. The prevalence of depression was 20%, which corresponds to results reported for the German population; generalized anxiety was moderately higher in the Syrian sample (19.3 vs. 15.2%). The Arabic version of the PHQ-4 is an ultra-short and valid screening procedure suitable for refugees from Arabic countries. The finding that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was moderate may be due to the sample composition, which comprised predominantly young men. Given the often traumatic circumstances of their flight, additional symptoms beyond the scope of this study (esp. PTSD) can be expected.
本研究满足了对方法合理、简短筛查程序（例如PHQ-4）的需求，这些程序需要以难民的母语进行验证。下萨克森州的一群叙利亚难民接受了由专业翻译机构翻译成标准阿拉伯语的PHQ-4调查。基于代表性数据，估计了难民中焦虑症和抑郁症的患病率。N = 864人，主要为男性（68%），回答者的平均年龄为M = 31.5岁（标准差 = 9.3岁，年龄范围为16至93岁）。内部一致性良好（PHQ-2和GAD-2的α系数分别为0.76/0.83；女性为0.76/0.83；男性为0.76/0.83）。验证性因素分析显示拟合度良好至优秀：RMSEA = 0.068 [95%置信区间：0.028, 0.117]，TLI = 0.971，CFI = 0.995。证明了性别测量不变性。抑郁症患病率为20%，这与德国人群的报告结果相符；叙利亚样本中的广泛性焦虑症患病率略高（19.3%对15.2%）。阿拉伯语版的PHQ-4是一种超简短且有效的筛查程序，适用于来自阿拉伯国家的难民。抑郁症和焦虑症症状患病率中等这一发现可能归因于样本构成，该样本主要由年轻男性组成。鉴于他们逃亡时往往经历创伤性情况，可以预期会出现超出本研究范围的其他症状（尤其是创伤后应激障碍）。
