Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology, Universität Hohenheim, August von Hartmann Straße 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
LUBW, Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Nov;23(22):23300-23307. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7735-5. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
Seed losses from imported oilseed rape (OSR) and the genetically modified (GM) admixtures therein may potentially lead to the establishment of transgenic plants and their hybridization with wild crucifers. The post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) must therefore also address problems related to seed spillages of GM OSR. Since detailed information on imported commodity flows, GM contents, means of transport, downstream users and efficient containment of GM OSR was lacking, we performed a field study in the vicinity of large oil mills and seed processing industries at the harbours along the river Rhine. One hundred thirty-six composite samples taken from one to 20 plants per site were collected near roads, railways and waterways. Individuals or large groups of feral OSR plants were detected in all of the nine study areas, but only one plant out of 1918 tested was confirmed to be transgenic (GT73). The results suggest that a spread of herbicide tolerant GM OSR has not occurred to date. In order to confirm the absence of GM feral OSR and potentially adverse effects of GM plants in the future, we recommend monitoring feral OSR on a routine basis. We present an approach for the sampling and testing of feral OSR that is based on floristic mapping and rapid tests for the determination of herbicide tolerances.
进口油菜籽（OSR）及其所含的遗传修饰（GM）混合物可能导致转基因植物的建立及其与野生芸薹属植物的杂交。因此，上市后环境监测（PMEM）还必须解决与 GM OSR 种子泄漏相关的问题。由于缺乏有关进口商品流动、GM 含量、运输方式、下游用户和 GM OSR 有效遏制的详细信息，我们在莱茵河沿岸的大型油厂和种子加工厂附近进行了实地研究。在靠近道路、铁路和水道的每个地点采集了 136 个来自 1 到 20 株植物的混合样本。在九个研究区域都检测到了单个或大量的野生 OSR 植物，但在 1918 株测试植物中，只有一株被确认为转基因（GT73）。结果表明，到目前为止，耐除草剂的 GM OSR 尚未传播。为了确认目前不存在 GM 野生 OSR 以及 GM 植物未来可能产生的不利影响，我们建议定期监测野生 OSR。我们提出了一种基于植物区系图谱和快速测试确定除草剂耐受性的方法来采样和测试野生 OSR。
