Liu Y K, Deng X X, Yang H L
Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
The Affiliated Hospital to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
Bone Joint Res. 2016 Oct;5(10):461-469. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1.
The cytotoxicity induced by cobalt ions (Co) and cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) which released following the insertion of a total hip prosthesis, has been reported. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the toxic effect of Co and Co-NPs on liver cells, and explain further the potential mechanisms.
Co-NPs were characterised for size, shape, elemental analysis, and hydrodynamic diameter, and were assessed by Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. BRL-3A cells were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. In order to clarify the potential mechanisms, reactive oxygen species, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 mRNA expression and DNA damage were assessed on BRL-3A cells after Co or Co-NPs treatment.
Results showed cytotoxic effects of Co and Co-NPs were dependent upon time and dosage, and the cytotoxicity of Co-NPs was greater than that of Co. In addition, Co-NPs elicited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cell viability with a concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species generation, IL-8 mRNA expression, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression and DNA damage after 24 hours of exposure.
Co-NPs induced greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in BRL-3A cells than Co. Cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, immune inflammation and DNA damage may play an important role in the effects of Co-NPs on liver cells.Cite this article: Y. K. Liu, X. X. Deng, H.L. Yang. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:461-469. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1.
据报道，全髋关节假体植入后释放的钴离子（Co）和钴纳米颗粒（Co-NPs）会诱导细胞毒性。然而，其潜在机制却鲜为人知。在本研究中，我们探究了Co和Co-NPs对肝细胞的毒性作用，并进一步阐释其潜在机制。
对Co-NPs的大小、形状、元素分析及流体动力学直径进行表征，并通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱和动态光散射进行评估。本研究使用BRL-3A细胞。通过MTT法和乳酸脱氢酶释放试验评估细胞毒性。为阐明潜在机制，在Co或Co-NPs处理后的BRL-3A细胞上评估活性氧、Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA表达、IL-8 mRNA表达和DNA损伤。
结果显示，Co和Co-NPs的细胞毒性取决于时间和剂量，且Co-NPs的细胞毒性大于Co。此外，暴露24小时后，Co-NPs导致细胞活力显著降低（p<0.05），同时乳酸脱氢酶释放增加、活性氧生成增加、IL-8 mRNA表达增加、Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA表达增加以及DNA损伤。
Co-NPs在BRL-3A细胞中诱导的细胞毒性和遗传毒性比Co更大。细胞膜损伤、氧化应激、免疫炎症和DNA损伤可能在Co-NPs对肝细胞的作用中起重要作用。引用本文：Y.K. Liu，X.X. Deng，H.L. Yang。钴纳米颗粒和离子诱导的肝细胞细胞毒性和遗传毒性。骨关节研究2016；5：461-469。DOI：10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1。
