Bohman Benjamin, Rasmussen Finn, Ghaderi Ata
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Liljeholmstorget 7 B, SE-117 63, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016 Oct 20;13(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12966-016-0438-y.
Parental self-efficacy (PSE) refers to beliefs of parents to effectively engage in behaviors that result in desired outcomes for their children. There are several instruments of PSE for promoting healthy dietary or physical activity (PA) behaviors in children. These measures typically assess PSE in relation to some quantity or frequency of behavior, for example, number of servings or times per week. However, measuring PSE in relation to contextual circumstances, for example, psychological states and situational demands, may be a more informative approach. The purpose of the present study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate a context-based PSE instrument.
Swedish mothers of five-year-old children (n = 698) responded to the Parental Self-Efficacy for Healthy Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Preschoolers Scale (PDAP) and a questionnaire on dietary and PA behaviors in children. Interviews were conducted to explore participant perceptions of the quality of the PDAP items. Psychometric evaluation was conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Spearman correlations between PSE and child behaviors were examined.
Twenty-seven interviews were conducted with participants, who perceived the items as highly comprehensible, relevant and acceptable. A four-factor model of a revised 21-item version of the PDAP fitted the data, with different factors of PSE for promoting healthy dietary or PA behaviors in children depending on whether circumstances were facilitating or impeding successful performance. Internal consistency was excellent for total scale (Cronbach's α = .94), and good for factors (α = .84-.88). Correlations were in the expected direction: positive correlations between PSE and healthy behaviors, and negative correlations between PSE and unhealthy behaviors (all r s ≤ .32).
Psychometric evaluation of the PDAP provided preliminary support of construct validity and internal consistency.
父母自我效能感（PSE）是指父母相信自己能够有效地采取行为，从而为子女带来期望的结果。有几种用于促进儿童健康饮食或身体活动（PA）行为的父母自我效能感测量工具。这些测量方法通常根据行为的某些数量或频率来评估父母自我效能感，例如，每周的份数或次数。然而，根据情境因素（如心理状态和情境需求）来测量父母自我效能感可能是一种更具信息量的方法。本研究的目的是开发并对一种基于情境的父母自我效能感测量工具进行心理测量学评估。
瑞典五岁儿童的母亲（n = 698）对学龄前儿童健康饮食和身体活动行为的父母自我效能感量表（PDAP）以及一份关于儿童饮食和身体活动行为的问卷进行了回答。进行了访谈以探讨参与者对PDAP项目质量的看法。使用探索性和验证性因素分析进行心理测量学评估。检验了父母自我效能感与儿童行为之间的斯皮尔曼相关性。
对参与者进行了27次访谈，他们认为这些项目非常易于理解、相关且可接受。修订后的21项版本的PDAP的四因素模型拟合了数据，根据情境是促进还是阻碍成功表现，促进儿童健康饮食或身体活动行为的父母自我效能感有不同的因素。总量表的内部一致性极佳（Cronbach's α = 0.94），各因素的内部一致性良好（α = 0.84 - 0.88）。相关性符合预期方向：父母自我效能感与健康行为呈正相关，与不健康行为呈负相关（所有r值≤0.32）。
PDAP的心理测量学评估为结构效度和内部一致性提供了初步支持。
