a Psychology Department , University of Kentucky.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018 Nov-Dec;47(6):967-977. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1225504. Epub 2016 Oct 21.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is conceptualized as a disorder of negative affect and low effortful control. Yet empirical tests of trait associations with ODD remain limited. The current study examined the relationship between temperament and personality traits and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) ODD symptom domains and related impairment in a preschool-age sample. Participants were 109 children ages 3-6 (59% male), overrecruited for ODD from the community, and their primary caregivers (87% mothers). ODD symptoms and impairment were measured using the Kiddie-Disruptive Behavior Disorder Schedule, temperament traits were measured using parent report on the Child Behavior Questionnaire and the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery, and personality traits were measured using examiner report on the California Child Q-Sort. Results suggest that high negative affect was associated with all three ODD symptom domains, whereas low agreeableness was specifically associated with the angry/irritable ODD symptom domain, and high surgency was associated with the argumentative/defiant and vindictive ODD symptom domains. Negative affect and surgency interacted with agreeableness to predict impairment, but not symptoms: Low agreeableness was associated with high impairment, regardless of other trait levels, whereas high negative affect and high surgency predicted high impairment in the presence of high agreeableness. Overall, results suggest ODD is a disorder of high negative affect. Furthermore, low agreeableness is differentially associated with affective ODD symptoms, and high surgency is associated with behavioral ODD symptoms. These traits interact in complex ways to predict impairment. Therefore, negative affect, agreeableness, and surgency may be useful early markers of ODD symptoms and impairment.
对立违抗性障碍（ODD）被概念化为一种消极情绪和低努力控制的障碍。然而，特质与 ODD 之间关联的实证检验仍然有限。本研究在学龄前儿童样本中考察了气质和人格特质与《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第 5 版）ODD 症状领域和相关损害之间的关系。参与者为 109 名 3-6 岁儿童（59%为男性），这些儿童是从社区中过度招募的 ODD 儿童，其主要照顾者为（87%为母亲）。使用 Kiddie-Disruptive Behavior Disorder Schedule 评估 ODD 症状和损害，使用父母对儿童行为问卷和实验室气质评估电池的报告评估气质特质，使用加州儿童 Q-分类评估者对儿童的报告评估人格特质。结果表明，高负性情绪与 ODD 的所有三个症状领域都有关联，而低宜人性与愤怒/易怒的 ODD 症状领域特别相关，高冲动性与争论/挑衅和报复性 ODD 症状领域相关。负性情绪和冲动性与宜人性相互作用，预测损害，但不预测症状：无论其他特质水平如何，低宜人性与高损害相关，而高负性情绪和高冲动性在高宜人性存在的情况下预测高损害。总体而言，结果表明 ODD 是一种高负性情绪障碍。此外，低宜人性与情感 ODD 症状有差异相关，高冲动性与行为 ODD 症状相关。这些特质以复杂的方式相互作用，预测损害。因此，负性情绪、宜人性和冲动性可能是 ODD 症状和损害的有用早期标志物。
