Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012 Jul;40(5):741-57. doi: 10.1007/s10802-011-9603-6.
Few studies have been designed to assess the pathways by which risk factors are associated with symptoms of psychopathology across multiple domains, including contextual factors, parental depression, parenting, and child characteristics. The present study examines a cross-sectional model of risk factors for symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in a diverse community sample of 796 four-year-old children. In the best-fitting model: (a) SES had indirect effects on contextual factors of stress and conflict, parental depression, and parenting factors including hostility, support, and scaffolding; (b) stress and conflict had both direct effects on ODD symptoms, and indirect effects via parental depression and parenting; (c) parenting had direct effects on ODD symptoms and indirect effects via child effortful control (EC), negative affect (NA) and sensory regulation (SR); (c) NA, EC, and SR had direct effects on symptom frequency, and attachment had indirect effects via EC, and SR. These results highlight the importance of using a multi-domain model to examine risk factors for symptoms of ODD, and also provide information about areas to target in treatment.
很少有研究旨在评估风险因素通过哪些途径与多个领域的精神病理学症状相关，包括情境因素、父母抑郁、育儿方式和儿童特征。本研究在一个由 796 名 4 岁儿童组成的多样化社区样本中，检验了对立违抗性障碍（ODD）症状的风险因素的横断面模型。在拟合最好的模型中：(a) SES 对压力和冲突的情境因素、父母抑郁和包括敌意、支持和支架在内的育儿因素具有间接影响；(b)压力和冲突对 ODD 症状有直接影响，也通过父母抑郁和育儿方式有间接影响；(c)育儿方式对 ODD 症状有直接影响，也通过儿童努力控制（EC）、消极情绪（NA）和感觉调节（SR）有间接影响；(c)NA、EC 和 SR 对症状频率有直接影响，依恋对 EC 和 SR 有间接影响。这些结果强调了使用多领域模型来检验 ODD 症状的风险因素的重要性，也为治疗的目标领域提供了信息。
