Pu Shuaihua, Khazanehei Hamidreza, Jones Peter J, Khafipour Ehsan
Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada; Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada.
Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Oct 10;7:1612. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01612. eCollection 2016.
Long-term dietary fatty acid intake is believed to induce changes in the human gut microbiome which might be associated with human health or obesity status; however, considerable debate remains regarding the most favorable ratios of fatty acids to optimize these processes. The objective of this sub-study of a double-blinded randomized crossover clinical study, the canola oil multi-center intervention trial, was to investigate effects of five different novel oil blends fed for 30 days each on the intestinal microbiota in 25 volunteers with risk of metabolic syndrome. The 60 g treatments included three MUFA-rich diets: (1) conventional canola oil (Canola); (2) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA); (3) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic); and two PUFA-rich diets: (4) a blend of corn/safflower oil (25:75) (CornSaff); and (5) a blend of flax/safflower oil (60:40) (FlaxSaff). Stool samples were collected at the end of each period. DNA was extracted and amplified for 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. A total of 17 phyla and 187 genera were identified. While five novel oil treatments failed to alter bacterial phyla composition, obese participants resulted in a higher proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes than overweight or normal weight groups ( = 0.01). Similarly at the genus level, overall bacterial distribution was highly associated with subjects' body mass index (BMI). Treatment effects were observed between MUFA- and PUFA-rich diets, with the three MUFA diets elevating , and Enterobacteriaceae's populations, while the two PUFA-rich diets favored the higher abundance of . High MUFA content feedings also resulted in an increase of and a decrease of in obese, but not overweight subjects. Data suggest that BMI is a predominant factor in characterization of human gut microbiota profile, and that MUFA-rich and PUFA-rich diets impact the composition of gut microbiota at lower taxonomical levels mainly in obese subjects.
长期膳食脂肪酸摄入被认为会引起人体肠道微生物群的变化，这可能与人类健康或肥胖状况有关；然而，关于脂肪酸的最有利比例以优化这些过程仍存在相当大的争议。这项双盲随机交叉临床研究（菜籽油多中心干预试验）的子研究目的是调查25名有代谢综合征风险的志愿者分别食用五种不同的新型油混合物30天对肠道微生物群的影响。60克的处理包括三种富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的饮食：（1）传统菜籽油（Canola）；（2）富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的高油酸菜籽油（CanolaDHA）；（3）高油酸菜籽油（CanolaOleic）；以及两种富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的饮食：（4）玉米/红花油混合物（25:75）（CornSaff）；（5）亚麻/红花油混合物（60:40）（FlaxSaff）。在每个阶段结束时收集粪便样本。提取DNA并扩增用于16S rRNA基因焦磷酸测序。共鉴定出17个门和187个属。虽然五种新型油处理未能改变细菌门的组成，但肥胖参与者的厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例高于超重或正常体重组（P = 0.01）。同样在属水平上，总体细菌分布与受试者的体重指数（BMI）高度相关。在富含MUFA和富含PUFA的饮食之间观察到了处理效果，三种富含MUFA的饮食使葡萄球菌属和肠杆菌科的数量增加，而两种富含PUFA的饮食有利于双歧杆菌属的丰度更高。高MUFA含量的喂养也导致肥胖但非超重受试者的梭菌属增加和双歧杆菌属减少。数据表明，BMI是表征人类肠道微生物群特征的主要因素，并且富含MUFA和富含PUFA的饮食主要在肥胖受试者中在较低分类水平上影响肠道微生物群的组成。
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