在菜籽油多中心随机对照试验中，富含DHA的高油酸菜籽油可改善血脂状况并降低预测的心血管疾病风险。
DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial.
作者信息
Jones Peter J H, Senanayake Vijitha K, Pu Shuaihua, Jenkins David J A, Connelly Philip W, Lamarche Benoît, Couture Patrick, Charest Amélie, Baril-Gravel Lisa, West Sheila G, Liu Xiaoran, Fleming Jennifer A, McCrea Cindy E, Kris-Etherton Penny M
机构信息
From the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (PJHJ, VKS, and SP); the Risk Factor Modification Centre (DJAJ) and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science (PWC), St. Michaels Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; the Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Canada (BL, PC, AC, and LB-G); the Department of Nutritional Sciences (SGW, XL, JAF, and PMK-E) and the Department of Biobehavioral Health (SGW and CEM), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):88-97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.081133. Epub 2014 May 14.
BACKGROUND
It is well recognized that amounts of trans and saturated fats should be minimized in Western diets; however, considerable debate remains regarding optimal amounts of dietary n-9, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids.
OBJECTIVE
The objective was to examine the effects of varying n-9, n-6, and longer-chain n-3 fatty acid composition on markers of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
DESIGN
A randomized, double-blind, 5-period, crossover design was used. Each 4-wk treatment period was separated by 4-wk washout intervals. Volunteers with abdominal obesity consumed each of 5 identical weight-maintaining, fixed-composition diets with one of the following treatment oils (60 g/3000 kcal) in beverages: 1) conventional canola oil (Canola; n-9 rich), 2) high-oleic acid canola oil with docosahexaenoic acid (CanolaDHA; n-9 and n-3 rich), 3) a blend of corn and safflower oil (25:75) (CornSaff; n-6 rich), 4) a blend of flax and safflower oils (60:40) (FlaxSaff; n-6 and short-chain n-3 rich), or 5) high-oleic acid canola oil (CanolaOleic; highest in n-9).
RESULTS
One hundred thirty individuals completed the trial. At endpoint, total cholesterol (TC) was lowest after the FlaxSaff phase (P < 0.05 compared with Canola and CanolaDHA) and highest after the CanolaDHA phase (P < 0.05 compared with CornSaff, FlaxSaff, and CanolaOleic). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were highest, and triglycerides were lowest, after CanolaDHA (P < 0.05 compared with the other diets). All diets decreased TC and LDL cholesterol from baseline to treatment endpoint (P < 0.05). CanolaDHA was the only diet that increased HDL cholesterol from baseline (3.5 ± 1.8%; P < 0.05) and produced the greatest reduction in triglycerides (-20.7 ± 3.8%; P < 0.001) and in systolic blood pressure (-3.3 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001) compared with the other diets (P < 0.05). Percentage reductions in Framingham 10-y CHD risk scores (FRS) from baseline were greatest after CanolaDHA (-19.0 ± 3.1%; P < 0.001) than after other treatments (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Consumption of CanolaDHA, a novel DHA-rich canola oil, improves HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, thereby reducing FRS compared with other oils varying in unsaturated fatty acid composition. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.
背景
人们普遍认为西方饮食中应尽量减少反式脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量；然而，关于饮食中n-9、n-6和n-3脂肪酸的最佳摄入量仍存在相当大的争议。
目的
研究不同的n-9、n-6和长链n-3脂肪酸组成对冠心病（CHD）风险标志物的影响。
设计
采用随机、双盲、5期交叉设计。每个4周的治疗期之间间隔4周的洗脱期。腹部肥胖的志愿者食用5种相同的维持体重、固定成分的饮食，饮料中分别添加以下一种治疗油（60 g/3000 kcal）：1）传统菜籽油（Canola；富含n-9），2）含二十二碳六烯酸的高油酸菜籽油（CanolaDHA；富含n-9和n-3），3）玉米油和红花油的混合物（25:75）（CornSaff；富含n-6），4）亚麻油和红花油的混合物（60:40）（FlaxSaff；富含n-6和短链n-3），或5）高油酸菜籽油（CanolaOleic；n-9含量最高）。
结果
130人完成了试验。在试验终点，FlaxSaff阶段后的总胆固醇（TC）最低（与Canola和CanolaDHA相比，P < 0.05），CanolaDHA阶段后的总胆固醇最高（与CornSaff、FlaxSaff和CanolaOleic相比，P < 0.05）。CanolaDHA阶段后的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇最高，甘油三酯最低（与其他饮食相比，P < 0.05）。所有饮食从基线到治疗终点均降低了TC和LDL胆固醇（P < 0.05）。CanolaDHA是唯一一种使HDL胆固醇从基线升高的饮食（3.5 ± 1.8%；P < 0.05），与其他饮食相比，其甘油三酯降低幅度最大（-20.7 ± 3.8%；P < 0.001），收缩压降低幅度也最大（-3.3 ± 0.8%；P < 0.001）（P < 0.05）。与其他治疗相比，CanolaDHA阶段后弗雷明汉10年冠心病风险评分（FRS）从基线的降低百分比最大（-19.0 ± 3.1%；P < 0.001）（P < 0.05）。
结论
食用富含DHA的新型菜籽油CanolaDHA可改善HDL胆固醇、甘油三酯和血压，从而与其他不饱和脂肪酸组成不同的油相比降低FRS。该试验已在www.clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT01351012。
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