Fatouros Ioannis G, Jamurtas Athanasios Z
School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, Greece.
J Inflamm Res. 2016 Oct 21;9:175-186. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S114635. eCollection 2016.
The study of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is of paramount importance not only because it affects athletic performance but also because it is an excellent model to study the mechanisms governing muscle cachexia under various clinical conditions. Although, a large number of studies have investigated EIMD and its associated inflammatory response, several aspects of skeletal muscles responses remain unclear. In the first section of this article, the mechanisms of EIMD are reviewed in an attempt to follow the events that result in functional and structural alterations of skeletal muscle. In the second section, the inflammatory response associated with EIMD is presented with emphasis in leukocyte accumulation through mechanisms that are largely coordinated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines released either by injured muscle itself or other cells. The practical applications of EIMD and the subsequent inflammatory response are discussed with respect to athletic performance. Specifically, the mechanisms leading to performance deterioration and development of muscle soreness are discussed. Emphasis is given to the factors affecting individual responses to EIMD and the resulting interindividual variability to this phenomenon.
运动性肌肉损伤（EIMD）的研究至关重要，不仅因为它会影响运动表现，还因为它是研究各种临床条件下肌肉恶病质调控机制的绝佳模型。尽管大量研究已对EIMD及其相关炎症反应进行了调查，但骨骼肌反应的几个方面仍不明确。在本文的第一部分，对EIMD的机制进行了综述，以梳理导致骨骼肌功能和结构改变的一系列事件。在第二部分，介绍了与EIMD相关的炎症反应，重点阐述了白细胞的聚集机制，这些机制在很大程度上由受损肌肉自身或其他细胞释放的促炎和抗炎细胞因子协调。文中还讨论了EIMD及后续炎症反应在运动表现方面的实际应用。具体而言，探讨了导致运动表现下降和肌肉酸痛产生的机制。重点关注影响个体对EIMD反应的因素以及由此产生的个体间对该现象的差异。
