Mariner Wendy K, Annas George J
Wendy K. Mariner (
George J. Annas is the William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor at Boston University and director of the Center for Health Law, Ethics, and Human Rights, School of Public Health, at Boston University.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2016 Nov 1;35(11):1999-2004. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0700.
A culture of health can be seen as a social norm that values health as the nation's priority or as an appeal to improve the social determinants of health. Better population health will require changing social and economic policies. Effective changes are unlikely unless health advocates can leverage a framework broader than health to mobilize political action in collaboration with non-health sector advocates. We suggest that human rights-the dominant international source of norms for government responsibilities-provides this broader framework. Human rights, as expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and enforceable treaties, require governments to assure their populations nondiscriminatory access to food, water, education, work, social security, and a standard of living adequate for health and well-being. The policies needed to realize human rights also improve population health, well-being, and equity. Aspirations for human rights are strong enough to endure beyond inevitable setbacks to specific causes.
健康文化可被视为一种社会规范，它将健康视为国家的首要任务，或者是一种改善健康的社会决定因素的呼吁。更好的人口健康状况需要改变社会和经济政策。除非健康倡导者能够利用一个比健康更广泛的框架，与非健康部门的倡导者合作来动员政治行动，否则不太可能实现有效的变革。我们认为，人权——政府责任的主要国际规范来源——提供了这个更广泛的框架。《世界人权宣言》和可执行条约中所表达的人权要求政府确保其民众能够不受歧视地获得食物、水、教育、工作、社会保障以及足以保障健康和福祉的生活水准。实现人权所需的政策也能改善人口健康、福祉和公平性。人权诉求足够强大，能够在特定事业不可避免的挫折中存续下去。
