Andrews G, Pollock C, Stewart G
Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety Disorders, University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 May;46(5):455-60. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810050069011.
The Defense Style Questionnaire was relabeled in terms of DSM-III-R defenses and administered to three groups: a normal population, family practice patients, and patients with anxiety disorders. The preferred factor structure identified mature defenses (sublimation, humor, anticipation, and suppression), neurotic defenses (undoing, altruism, idealization, and reaction formation), and immature defenses (projection, passive aggression, acting out, etc). Factor scores varied systematically with group membership and with measures of total symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, the vulnerability factors of neuroticism, locus of control, and defense style were all correlated with neurotic symptoms, but defense style added little to the variance explained by the other two. Within the patient group, however, neuroticism and locus of control did not distinguish among panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, while defense style showed patterns characteristic of each disorder.
防御方式问卷依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM-III-R）中的防御机制重新命名，并施测于三组人群：正常人群、家庭医疗患者以及焦虑症患者。所确定的首选因素结构包括成熟防御机制（升华、幽默、预期和压抑）、神经症性防御机制（抵消、利他主义、理想化和反向形成）以及不成熟防御机制（投射、被动攻击、付诸行动等）。因素得分随所属组以及总症状测量指标而系统变化。在这项横断面研究中，神经质、控制点和防御方式等易损因素均与神经症症状相关，但防御方式对由其他两个因素所解释的变异量贡献不大。然而，在患者组中，神经质和控制点无法区分惊恐障碍、广场恐惧症、社交恐惧症和强迫症，而防御方式呈现出每种障碍的特征模式。
