Leroy Zanie C, Wallin Robin, Lee Sarah
1 School Health Branch, Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
2 Parkway School District, St. Louis, MO, USA.
J Sch Nurs. 2017 Feb;33(1):64-72. doi: 10.1177/1059840516678909. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Children and adolescents in the United States spend many hours in school. Students with chronic health conditions (CHCs) may face lower academic achievement, increased disability, fewer job opportunities, and limited community interactions as they enter adulthood. School health services provide safe and effective management of CHCs, often for students with limited access to health care. A systematic review to assess the role of school health services in addressing CHCs among students in Grades K-12 was completed using primary, peer-reviewed literature published from 2000 to 2015, on selected conditions: asthma, food allergies, diabetes, seizure disorders, and poor oral health. Thirty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and results were synthesized; however, 38 were on asthma. Direct access to school nursing and other health services, as well as disease-specific education, improved health and academic outcomes among students with CHCs. Future research needs to include standardized definitions and data collection methods for students with CHCs.
美国的儿童和青少年在学校度过许多时光。患有慢性健康状况（CHCs）的学生在步入成年后可能面临学业成绩较低、残疾加剧、就业机会减少以及社区互动受限等问题。学校卫生服务为慢性健康状况提供安全有效的管理，通常针对那些获得医疗保健机会有限的学生。我们利用2000年至2015年发表的、经过同行评审的原始文献，针对特定病症：哮喘、食物过敏、糖尿病、癫痫症和口腔健康不佳，完成了一项系统综述，以评估学校卫生服务在解决K-12年级学生慢性健康状况方面的作用。39篇文章符合纳入标准并对结果进行了综合分析；然而，其中38篇是关于哮喘的。直接获得学校护理和其他卫生服务，以及针对特定疾病的教育，改善了患有慢性健康状况学生的健康和学业成果。未来的研究需要为患有慢性健康状况的学生纳入标准化定义和数据收集方法。
