Musk A W, Venables K M, Crook B, Nunn A J, Hawkins R, Crook G D, Graneek B J, Tee R D, Farrer N, Johnson D A
Department of Occupational Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
Br J Ind Med. 1989 Sep;46(9):636-42. doi: 10.1136/oem.46.9.636.
A survey of dust exposure, respiratory symptoms, lung function, and response to skin prick tests was conducted in a modern British bakery. Of the 318 bakery employees, 279 (88%) took part. Jobs were ranked from 0 to 10 by perceived dustiness and this ranking correlated well with total dust concentration measured in 79 personal dust samples. Nine samples had concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3, the exposure limit for nuisance dust. All participants completed a self administered questionnaire on symptoms and their relation to work. FEV1 and FVC were measured by a dry wedge spirometer and bronchial reactivity to methacholine was estimated. Skin prick tests were performed with three common allergens and with 11 allergens likely to be found in bakery dust, including mites and moulds. Of the participants in the main exposure group, 35% reported chest symptoms which in 13% were work related. The corresponding figures for nasal symptoms were 38% and 19%. Symptoms, lung function, bronchial reactivity, and response to skin prick tests were related to current or past exposure to dust using logistic or linear regression analysis as appropriate. Exposure rank was significantly associated with most of the response variables studied. The study shows that respiratory symptoms and sensitisation are common, even in a modern bakery.
在一家现代化的英国面包店开展了一项关于粉尘暴露、呼吸道症状、肺功能以及皮肤点刺试验反应的调查。318名面包店员工中，279人（88%）参与了调查。根据感知到的粉尘程度，工作被从0到10进行排名，该排名与79份个人粉尘样本中测得的总粉尘浓度高度相关。9份样本的浓度超过了10毫克/立方米，即 nuisance dust 的暴露限值。所有参与者都填写了一份关于症状及其与工作关系的自填式问卷。通过干式楔形肺活量计测量第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）和用力肺活量（FVC），并评估对乙酰甲胆碱的支气管反应性。用三种常见变应原以及11种可能在面包店粉尘中发现的变应原（包括螨虫和霉菌）进行皮肤点刺试验。在主要暴露组的参与者中，35%报告有胸部症状，其中13%与工作有关。鼻部症状的相应数字分别为38%和19%。根据情况使用逻辑回归或线性回归分析，将症状、肺功能、支气管反应性以及皮肤点刺试验反应与当前或过去的粉尘暴露相关联。暴露等级与所研究的大多数反应变量显著相关。该研究表明，即使在现代化面包店中，呼吸道症状和致敏也很常见。
