Trinh Kien V, Kim Jiin, Ritsma Amanda
Faculty of Medicine , McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2015 Dec 21;1(1):e000066. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000066. eCollection 2015.
Pseudoephedrine is a stimulant that can be purchased over-the-counter to relieve symptoms of nasal and sinus congestion. Owing to its similar composition to ephedrine and other amphetamines, pseudoephedrine mirrors some of its ergogenic effects. This study investigates its possible ergogenic effect through a systematic review. Our primary aim was to determine the effects of pseudoephedrine in sport and its potential for performance enhancement.
We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO and The Cochrane Library for trials conducted from their beginning to March 2015. Any published trial that used randomised assignment to the intervention and control groups in full text and measured pseudoephedrine as an independent variable were included.
Overall, the review showed that the ergogenic effect of pseudoephedrine is dose-dependent. None of the reviewed studies showed an ergogenic effect at the therapeutic dose of the drug (60-120 mg); however, supratherapeutic doses (≥180 mg) yielded clinically significant results.
Owing to the limitations of the published studies in this field, we were unable to make any firm conclusions with respect to the overall effect of pseudoephedrine and its ergogenic effect. It is evident that there is a correlation between the dose administered and its ergogenic effects, but it is also evident that the side effects of using above the therapeutic dose outweigh the possible benefits of using pseudoephedrine in sport. Further research with larger sample sizes is required to determine the relationship between doses (≥180 mg) and concentrations in urine that cause an ergogenic effect.
伪麻黄碱是一种兴奋剂，可在柜台购买以缓解鼻和鼻窦充血症状。由于其成分与麻黄碱和其他安非他明相似，伪麻黄碱具有一些类似的促力效应。本研究通过系统评价来调查其可能的促力效应。我们的主要目的是确定伪麻黄碱在运动中的作用及其提高运动表现的潜力。
我们检索了EMBASE、MEDLINE、PsychINFO和考克兰图书馆，查找从建库至2015年3月进行的试验。纳入任何在全文中使用随机分配到干预组和对照组且将伪麻黄碱作为自变量进行测量的已发表试验。
总体而言，该评价表明伪麻黄碱的促力效应是剂量依赖性的。在所审查的研究中，没有一项研究显示该药物治疗剂量（60 - 120毫克）时有促力效应；然而，超治疗剂量（≥180毫克）产生了具有临床意义的结果。
由于该领域已发表研究的局限性，我们无法就伪麻黄碱的总体作用及其促力效应得出任何确凿结论。显然，给药剂量与其促力效应之间存在相关性，但同样明显的是，使用高于治疗剂量的副作用超过了在运动中使用伪麻黄碱可能带来的益处。需要进一步开展更大样本量的研究，以确定剂量（≥180毫克）与导致促力效应的尿液浓度之间的关系。
