Reid Chassiakos Yolanda Linda, Radesky Jenny, Christakis Dimitri, Moreno Megan A, Cross Corinn
Pediatrics. 2016 Nov;138(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2593.
Today's children and adolescents are immersed in both traditional and new forms of digital media. Research on traditional media, such as television, has identified health concerns and negative outcomes that correlate with the duration and content of viewing. Over the past decade, the use of digital media, including interactive and social media, has grown, and research evidence suggests that these newer media offer both benefits and risks to the health of children and teenagers. Evidence-based benefits identified from the use of digital and social media include early learning, exposure to new ideas and knowledge, increased opportunities for social contact and support, and new opportunities to access health promotion messages and information. Risks of such media include negative health effects on sleep, attention, and learning; a higher incidence of obesity and depression; exposure to inaccurate, inappropriate, or unsafe content and contacts; and compromised privacy and confidentiality. This technical report reviews the literature regarding these opportunities and risks, framed around clinical questions, for children from birth to adulthood. To promote health and wellness in children and adolescents, it is important to maintain adequate physical activity, healthy nutrition, good sleep hygiene, and a nurturing social environment. A healthy Family Media Use Plan (www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan) that is individualized for a specific child, teenager, or family can identify an appropriate balance between screen time/online time and other activities, set boundaries for accessing content, guide displays of personal information, encourage age-appropriate critical thinking and digital literacy, and support open family communication and implementation of consistent rules about media use.
如今的儿童和青少年沉浸在传统和新型数字媒体之中。对传统媒体（如电视）的研究已经明确了一些与观看时长和内容相关的健康问题及负面后果。在过去十年中，包括互动媒体和社交媒体在内的数字媒体的使用有所增加，研究证据表明，这些新媒体对儿童和青少年的健康既带来益处，也存在风险。使用数字媒体和社交媒体所确定的循证益处包括早期学习、接触新思想和知识、增加社交联系和支持的机会，以及获取健康促进信息和资讯的新机会。此类媒体的风险包括对睡眠、注意力和学习产生负面健康影响；肥胖和抑郁的发生率更高；接触不准确、不适当或不安全的内容及联系；以及隐私和保密性受到损害。本技术报告围绕临床问题，回顾了有关从出生到成年的儿童的这些机会和风险的文献。为促进儿童和青少年的健康，保持充足的身体活动、健康的营养、良好的睡眠卫生习惯以及滋养性的社会环境非常重要。针对特定儿童、青少年或家庭量身定制的健康家庭媒体使用计划（www.healthychildren.org/MediaUsePlan）可以确定屏幕时间/上网时间与其他活动之间的适当平衡，设定访问内容的界限，指导个人信息的展示，鼓励适龄的批判性思维和数字素养，并支持开放的家庭沟通以及关于媒体使用的一致规则的实施。
