LeBourgeois Monique K, Hale Lauren, Chang Anne-Marie, Akacem Lameese D, Montgomery-Downs Hawley E, Buxton Orfeu M
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;
Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
Pediatrics. 2017 Nov;140(Suppl 2):S92-S96. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1758J.
Given the pervasive use of screen-based media and the high prevalence of insufficient sleep among American youth and teenagers, this brief report summarizes the literature on electronic media and sleep and provides research recommendations. Recent systematic reviews of the literature reveal that the vast majority of studies find an adverse association between screen-based media consumption and sleep health, primarily via delayed bedtimes and reduced total sleep duration. The underlying mechanisms of these associations likely include the following: (1) time displacement (ie, time spent on screens replaces time spent sleeping and other activities); (2) psychological stimulation based on media content; and (3) the effects of light emitted from devices on circadian timing, sleep physiology, and alertness. Much of our current understanding of these processes, however, is limited by cross-sectional, observational, and self-reported data. Further experimental and observational research is needed to elucidate how the digital revolution is altering sleep and circadian rhythms across development (infancy to adulthood) as pathways to poor health, learning, and safety outcomes (eg, obesity, depression, risk-taking).
鉴于基于屏幕的媒体在美国青少年中广泛使用，且睡眠不足的发生率很高，本简要报告总结了有关电子媒体与睡眠的文献，并提供了研究建议。最近对文献的系统综述表明，绝大多数研究发现基于屏幕的媒体消费与睡眠健康之间存在不利关联，主要是通过延迟就寝时间和缩短总睡眠时间。这些关联的潜在机制可能包括以下几点：（1）时间替代（即花在屏幕上的时间取代了睡眠时间和其他活动时间）；（2）基于媒体内容的心理刺激；（3）设备发出的光对昼夜节律、睡眠生理和警觉性的影响。然而，我们目前对这些过程的大部分理解受到横断面、观察性和自我报告数据的限制。需要进一步的实验和观察性研究来阐明数字革命如何在整个发育过程（从婴儿期到成年期）中改变睡眠和昼夜节律，这些改变是导致健康状况不佳、学习问题和安全问题（如肥胖、抑郁、冒险行为）的途径。
