Getchell-White S I, Donowitz L G, Gröschel D H
Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1989 Sep;10(9):402-7. doi: 10.1086/646061.
Environmental surface and personnel hand impression cultures were obtained during 13 sampling periods in the University of Virginia Pediatric Intensive Care Unit to document potential reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens. In 78 environmental cultures Staphylococcus aureus was found eight times and gram-negative bacilli ten times. The patient chart cover was the most commonly contaminated surface. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found in five of ten cultures positive for gram-negative bacilli. Thirty of 59 hand cultures were positive for S aureus and gram-negative bacilli; nurses and residents had both, respiratory therapists only gram-negative bacilli, and A calcoaceticus was the most commonly isolated bacterium of potentially nosocomial significance (14/30). Laboratory investigation of bacterial survival revealed that gram-negative bacilli survived on a dry formica surface from a few hours up to three days but Acinetobacter survived up to 13 days. Since A calcoaceticus has been implicated in many nosocomial infections, its long survival on a dry surface may be an additional factor in its transmission in hospitals and suggests that more attention be paid to environmental surfaces as a source of significant nosocomial pathogens.
在弗吉尼亚大学儿科重症监护病房的13个采样期间，采集了环境表面和人员手部的压印培养物，以记录医院病原体的潜在储存库。在78份环境培养物中，发现金黄色葡萄球菌8次，革兰氏阴性杆菌10次。病历封面是最常被污染的表面。在10份革兰氏阴性杆菌阳性培养物中，有5份发现了醋酸钙不动杆菌。59份手部培养物中有30份金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌呈阳性；护士和住院医师的手部培养物中两者都有，呼吸治疗师的手部培养物中只有革兰氏阴性杆菌，醋酸钙不动杆菌是最常分离出的具有潜在医院感染意义的细菌（14/30）。对细菌存活情况的实验室调查显示，革兰氏阴性杆菌在干燥的密胺表面存活时间从数小时到三天不等，但醋酸钙不动杆菌可存活长达13天。由于醋酸钙不动杆菌与许多医院感染有关，其在干燥表面的长时间存活可能是其在医院传播的另一个因素，这表明应更多地关注环境表面作为重要医院病原体来源的问题。
