Ikegami T, Kawaguchi J
Aichi University of Education.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1989 Apr;60(1):38-44. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.60.38.
Four experiments were conducted to investigate how the prior processing of trait relevant information influenced upon the impression formation. Twenty university students participated in each experiment. First subjects performed a cognitive task in which they processed hostility (Exp. I, II) or friendliness (Exp. III, IV) related words, consciously (Exp. I, III) or subconsciously (Exp. II, IV). In another ostensibly unrelated task, subjects rated a stimulus person on several trait scales based on an ambiguous behavioral description, regarding to hostility (Exp. I, II) or friendliness (Exp. III, IV). It was shown that the more hostility words subjects processed either consciously or subconsciously, the more extreme and negative ratings they yielded. As for friendliness words, however, such effects were found only when they were subconsciously processed, not when they were consciously processed. It was argued that conscious processing was affected by positiveness or negativeness of trait words, but subconscious processing was not.
进行了四项实验来研究特质相关信息的先前处理如何影响印象形成。每项实验有20名大学生参与。首先，受试者执行一项认知任务，在该任务中他们有意识地（实验一、三）或潜意识地（实验二、四）处理与敌意（实验一、二）或友善（实验三、四）相关的词语。在另一项表面上不相关的任务中，受试者根据一个模糊的行为描述，在几个特质量表上对一个刺激人物进行评分，涉及敌意（实验一、二）或友善（实验三、四）。结果表明，受试者有意识或潜意识处理的敌意词语越多，他们给出的评分就越极端和负面。然而，对于友善词语，只有在潜意识处理时才会发现这种效果，而在有意识处理时则不会。有人认为，有意识处理受特质词语的积极或消极影响，但潜意识处理不受此影响。
