Deodhar Gauri V, Adams Marisa L, Trewyn Brian G
Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
Biotechnol J. 2017 Jan;12(1). doi: 10.1002/biot.201600408. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
Protein therapeutics are promising candidates for disease treatment due to their high specificity and minimal adverse side effects; however, targeted protein delivery to specific sites has proven challenging. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have demonstrated to be ideal candidates for this application, given their high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and ability to protect host molecules from degradation. These materials exhibit tunable pore sizes, shapes and volumes, and surfaces which can be easily functionalized. This serves to control the movement of molecules in and out of the pores, thus entrapping guest molecules until a specific stimulus triggers release. In this review, we will cover the benefits of using MSN as protein therapeutic carriers, demonstrating that there is great diversity in the ways MSN can be used to service proteins. Methods for controlling the physical dimensions of pores via synthetic conditions, applications of therapeutic protein loaded MSN materials in cancer therapies, delivering protein loaded MSN materials to plant cells using biolistic methods, and common stimuli-responsive functionalities will be discussed. New and exciting strategies for controlled release and manipulation of proteins are also covered in this review. While research in this area has advanced substantially, we conclude this review with future challenges to be tackled by the scientific community.
蛋白质疗法因其高特异性和最小的副作用而成为疾病治疗的有前景的候选方案；然而，将蛋白质靶向递送至特定部位已被证明具有挑战性。介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSN）已被证明是此应用的理想候选物，因其具有高负载能力、生物相容性以及保护宿主分子不被降解的能力。这些材料具有可调节的孔径、形状和体积，并且其表面可以很容易地进行功能化。这有助于控制分子进出孔的运动，从而捕获客体分子，直到特定刺激触发释放。在本综述中，我们将介绍使用MSN作为蛋白质治疗载体的益处，表明MSN用于蛋白质的方式具有很大的多样性。将讨论通过合成条件控制孔的物理尺寸的方法、负载治疗性蛋白质的MSN材料在癌症治疗中的应用、使用生物弹道方法将负载蛋白质的MSN材料递送至植物细胞以及常见的刺激响应功能。本综述还涵盖了蛋白质控释和操纵的新的、令人兴奋的策略。虽然该领域的研究已取得实质性进展，但我们在本综述结尾提出了科学界有待解决的未来挑战。
