Santesteban-Echarri Olga, Ramos-Olazagasti María A, Eisenberg Ruth E, Wei Chiaying, Bird Héctor R, Canino Glorisa, Duarte Cristiane S
Columbia University - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y Psicología, Tarragona, Spain.
Columbia University - New York State Psychiatric Institute, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2017 Apr;87:30-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.008. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
Parental warmth (PW) has a strong influence on child development and may precede the onset of psychiatric disorders in children. PW is interconnected with other family processes (e.g., coercive discipline) that may also influence the development of psychiatric disorders in children. We prospectively examined the association between PW and child psychiatric disorders (anxiety, major depression disorder, ADHD, disruptive behavior disorders) over the course of three years among Puerto Rican youth, above and beyond the influence of other family factors.
Boricua Youth Study participants, Puerto Rican children 5 to 13 years of age at Wave 1 living in the South Bronx (New York) (SB) and San Juan and Canguas (PR) (n = 2,491), were followed for three consecutive years. Youth psychiatric disorders were measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (DISC-IV). Generalized Linear Mixed models tested the association between PW (Wave 1) and psychiatric disorders in the next two years adjusting for demographic characteristics and family processes.
Higher levels of PW were related to lower odds of child anxiety and major depressive disorder over time (OR = 0.69[0.60; 0.79]; 0.49[0.41; 0.58], respectively). The strength of the association between PW and ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder declined over time, although it was still significant in the last assessment (OR = 0.44[0.37; 0.52]; 0.46[0.39; 0.54], respectively). PW had a unique influence on psychiatric disorders beyond the influence of other parenting and family processes. Stronger associations were observed among girls for depression and ADHD.
Incorporating PW behaviors such as acceptance, support, and comforting into interventions focused on parenting skills may help prevent child psychiatric disorders.
父母温情（PW）对儿童发育有强烈影响，且可能先于儿童精神障碍的发作。父母温情与其他家庭互动过程（如强制管教）相互关联，而这些家庭互动过程也可能影响儿童精神障碍的发展。我们前瞻性地研究了在三年时间里，在波多黎各青少年中，父母温情与儿童精神障碍（焦虑症、重度抑郁症、注意力缺陷多动障碍、破坏性行为障碍）之间的关联，同时考虑了其他家庭因素的影响。
波多黎各青少年研究的参与者为居住在纽约市布朗克斯南部（SB）以及圣胡安和坎瓜斯（PR）的5至13岁波多黎各儿童（n = 2491），对其进行了连续三年的跟踪研究。儿童精神障碍通过儿童诊断访谈量表第四版（DISC-IV）进行测量。广义线性混合模型检验了父母温情（第一波）与接下来两年内精神障碍之间的关联，并对人口统计学特征和家庭互动过程进行了校正。
随着时间推移，较高水平的父母温情与儿童焦虑症和重度抑郁症的较低发病几率相关（优势比分别为0.69[0.60; 0.79]；0.49[0.41; 0.58]）。父母温情与注意力缺陷多动障碍和破坏性行为障碍之间的关联强度随时间下降，尽管在最后一次评估中仍具有显著性（优势比分别为0.44[0.37; 0.52]；0.46[0.39; 0.54]）。父母温情对精神障碍具有独立于其他养育方式和家庭互动过程影响之外的独特作用。在女孩中观察到父母温情与抑郁症和注意力缺陷多动障碍之间的关联更强。
将接纳、支持和安慰等父母温情行为纳入以养育技能为重点的干预措施中，可能有助于预防儿童精神障碍。
