Kumar Mukesh, Ching Lauren, Astern Joshua, Lim Eunjung, Stokes Alexander J, Melish Marian, Nerurkar Vivek R
Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii United States of America.
Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii United States of America.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Dec 20;10(12):e0005262. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005262. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen. ZIKV infection is linked to the development of severe fetal abnormalities that include spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, hydranencephaly, and microcephaly. ZIKV outbreaks have been recorded in the United States. We recently demonstrated the first congenital ZIKV infection in the United States. In this study, we investigated archived blood samples from six mothers who gave birth to babies with microcephaly and 12 mothers who gave birth to healthy babies in Hawaii between 2009 and 2012. We tested maternal blood for the presence of ZIKV IgM and IgG antibodies using commercially available human ZIKV IgM and IgG ELISA kits. Blood from one mother who delivered babies with microcephaly tested positive for ZIKV IgM antibody (16.6%) and blood from three mothers tested positive for ZIKV IgG antibody (50%). ZIKV showed a trend toward significance with microcephaly. ZIKV IgG antibody positive mothers were more likely to deliver babies with microcephaly than mothers who were negative for ZIKV IgG antibodies (Odds ratio [OR] = 11.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8-147.9, p = 0.083). Similarly, ZIKV IgM antibody positive mothers were also more likely to deliver babies with microcephaly than mothers who were negative for ZIKV IgM antibody (OR = 6.8, 95% CI = 0.2-195.1). These data provide further evidence of a link between ZIKV infection and microcephaly and suggests presence of ZIKV positive cases and associated microcephaly in the United States as early as 2009.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是一种新出现的经蚊子传播的病原体。寨卡病毒感染与严重胎儿异常的发生有关，这些异常包括自然流产、死产、积水性无脑畸形和小头畸形。美国已记录到寨卡病毒爆发。我们最近证实了美国首例先天性寨卡病毒感染病例。在本研究中，我们调查了2009年至2012年间在夏威夷生下小头畸形婴儿的6名母亲和生下健康婴儿的12名母亲的存档血液样本。我们使用市售的人类寨卡病毒IgM和IgG ELISA试剂盒检测母体血液中寨卡病毒IgM和IgG抗体的存在情况。一名生下小头畸形婴儿的母亲的血液寨卡病毒IgM抗体检测呈阳性（16.6%），三名母亲的血液寨卡病毒IgG抗体检测呈阳性（50%）。寨卡病毒与小头畸形之间显示出显著趋势。寨卡病毒IgG抗体阳性的母亲比寨卡病毒IgG抗体阴性的母亲更有可能生下小头畸形婴儿（优势比[OR]=11.0，95%置信区间[CI]=0.8-147.9，p=0.083）。同样，寨卡病毒IgM抗体阳性的母亲也比寨卡病毒IgM抗体阴性的母亲更有可能生下小头畸形婴儿（OR=6.8，95%CI=0.2-195.1）。这些数据为寨卡病毒感染与小头畸形之间的联系提供了进一步证据，并表明早在2009年美国就存在寨卡病毒阳性病例及相关小头畸形病例。
