Dutoit Valérie, Migliorini Denis, Dietrich Pierre-Yves, Walker Paul R
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
Oncology, Center of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
Front Oncol. 2016 Dec 7;6:256. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00256. eCollection 2016.
Immunotherapy is now advancing at remarkable pace for tumors located in various tissues, including the brain. Strategies launched decades ago, such as tumor antigen-specific therapeutic vaccines and adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are being complemented by molecular engineering approaches allowing the development of tumor-specific TCR transgenic and chimeric antigen receptor T cells. In addition, the spectacular results obtained in the last years with immune checkpoint inhibitors are transfiguring immunotherapy, these agents being used both as single molecules, but also in combination with other immunotherapeutic modalities. Implementation of these various strategies is ongoing for more and more malignancies, including tumors located in the brain, raising the question of the immunological particularities of this site. This may necessitate cautious selection of tumor antigens, minimizing the immunosuppressive environment and promoting efficient T cell trafficking to the tumor. Once these aspects are taken into account, we might efficiently design immunotherapy for patients suffering from tumors located in the brain, with beneficial clinical outcome.
免疫疗法目前正以惊人的速度在包括脑在内的各种组织中的肿瘤治疗领域取得进展。几十年前推出的策略，如肿瘤抗原特异性治疗性疫苗和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的过继转移，正通过分子工程方法得到补充，这些方法使得肿瘤特异性T细胞受体转基因和嵌合抗原受体T细胞得以开发。此外，近年来免疫检查点抑制剂取得的惊人成果正在改变免疫疗法，这些药物既可以作为单一分子使用，也可以与其他免疫治疗方式联合使用。针对越来越多的恶性肿瘤，包括脑肿瘤，正在实施这些不同的策略，这就引发了关于该部位免疫特殊性的问题。这可能需要谨慎选择肿瘤抗原，尽量减少免疫抑制环境，并促进T细胞向肿瘤的有效迁移。一旦考虑到这些方面，我们或许就能为患有脑肿瘤的患者高效设计免疫疗法，并取得有益的临床结果。
